G. C. Cricli — OrtJiocemta from North China. 485 



The first examples were described by the late Dr. S. P. Woodward, 

 F.G.S., formerly of the Geological Department, in 1856 (see Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc, 1856, vol. xii, pp. 378-381, pi. vi), from two 

 specimens in the British Museum obtained by Wm. Lockhart, Esq., 

 F.K.G.S., in Shanghai, from some. place 200 miles distant, and given 

 to Mr. Daniel Hanbury, of Plough Court, Lombard Street, who 

 subsequently presented them to the British Museum in 1854. The 

 larger, example, a polished section, measures 29 inches in length 

 and 4 inches in its greatest diameter; the other measures 18 inches 

 in length. Another well-preserved specimen 9 inches long (also 

 exposed in section and polished) was obtained from the Devonian 

 of the interior of the Province of Kwang-tung, South China, by the 

 Hon. Eobt. Marsham, who presented it to the Museum in 1877. 

 Two slabs of the same Ortlioceras chinense were obtained in 

 Shanghai and presented by E. Swinhoe, Esq., H.B.M, Consul in 

 Formosa, in 1870. Mr. Swinhoe's specimen is of interest as it 

 shows two slices of the same Ortlioceras having a distorted siphuncle, 

 a malformation which must have been caused by some injury 

 sustained during the lifetime of the animal. Two other fine slabs, 

 said to be from the Devonian Limestone of Ichang, in the Province 

 of Hu-pe, Central China, and to the north of Kwang-tung, were 

 presented by J. Walters, Esq., H.B.M. Consul at Ichang. The above 

 seven specimens are all cut and polished sections, the matrix of which 

 is also the same, namely, a rich reddish-brown or chocolate-coloured 

 limestone. The last example is the shell of a very large Orthoceras 

 chinense, preserved in the round and extracted from the matrix ; it is 

 above 4 feet in length. This specimen was procured by N. M. 

 Yankowsky, Esq., from the Devonian Limestone 30 miles north of 

 Ichang. This limestone is thus fixed as to two localities in China, 

 namely, the Province of Kwang-tung and that of Ichang, the 

 authorities for which are, I think, quite reliable. The other 

 specimens from Shanghai were probably purchased in the bazaars. 



The two former species appear to be of Ordovician age, whilst 

 the third is considered to belong to the Devonian. It is somewhat 

 doubtful whether the latter (which has been cut and polished) was 

 obtained from the same locality as the other fossils. r 



PI. XXII, Fig. A may represent an Orthoceras or an Actinoceras, 

 but its afiinities are very doubtful. 



I am indebted to Dr. A, Smith Woodward, F.K.S., for permission 

 to use the woodcuts illustrating this article. 



EXPLANATIOJSr OF PLxVTE XXII. 



A. Orthoceras or Actinoceras. 



B. Gonioceras sp. 



C. Actinoceras [Ormoceras) aff. tcnut'Jiluin, Hall. 



From the Ordoviciau (?) rocks south of Tsiug tshou fu, Province of Shantung, 

 ]S"orth Cliina. Collected by the Eev. Samuel Conliug, M.A., English Baptist 

 Mission to North China, Ching Chow, Kiaochow, CMna, who has presented the 

 specimens to the British Museum (Natiu'al History). 



