18 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 



ful works of art or not having properly established relationships 

 with the gravels in place. In the discussion of gravel man in 

 eastern America a wide range of objects and phenomena has 

 been considered, but the real evidence, upon which the theory of 

 an ancient race and a peculiar culture must depend, is furnished by 

 a hundred pieces — more or less — of rudely flaked stones said to 

 have come from the gravels in place. And now what can be 

 said with reference to this series of flaked stones further than 

 that they are reported by the collector to have been found in the 

 gravels at definite stated depths? I have elsewhere shown that 

 they are not demonstrably implements in any case, that they are 

 identical in every respect with the quarry-shop rejects of the 

 American Indian, that they do not closely resemble any one of 

 the well established types of European paleolithic implements, 

 and that they are not a sufficient index of a particular stage of 

 culture. I shall now present such reasons as there may be for the 

 belief, held by manj^, that they were not really found in the 

 undisturbed glacial gravels. 



It is generally understood that the earliest reported gravel 

 finds of importance were made on the banks of Assanpink creek 

 within the city limits of Trenton, where the gravels to a thick- 

 ness of twenty feet or more were exposed in a railway cutting. 

 Later the river bluff near the lower end of the city, where the 

 gravels were exposed to a depth of from twenty-five to forty feet, 

 y^ielded large numbers. These two sites, so far as I can learn, 

 furnished at least three -fourths of the finds in place. Other 

 specimens were found singly in slight natural exposures, and in 

 excavations for cellars, sewers, etc., at various points within the 

 city limits. 



The river bluff was for a considerable period the favorite 

 hunting ground of the searchers for rudely flaked stones, and 

 many specimens were collected. The gravels were exposed in 

 a steep, nearly straight bank, several hundred yards in length, 

 the base of which was washed by the river. There can be no 

 question that Dr. Abbott and others have found shaped objects 

 of various classes upon and in the face of this river bluff, and 



