ANALYTICAL ABSTRACTS. 99 



thrust strata have been worn away, but tongues of Cambrian shale still 

 remain to all appearances lying conformably upon the Carboniferous strata. 

 Transverse thrust faults terminate Gaylor's ri,dge, Dirt Seller Mountain, and 

 Lookout Mountain on the south. H. B. K. 



The Correlation of Moraines with Raised Beaches -of Lake Erie. By 

 Frank Leverett, U. S. Geol. Surv. (Wisconsin Academy of 

 Science. Vol. VIII. , 1891). 

 References have been made in Geological literature to the beaches of the 

 eastern portion of the Lake Erie basin, but up to the time of Mr. Leverett's 

 work none of the beaches had been completely traced. Mr. Gilbert had dis- 

 covered that several of the raised beaches do not completely encircle Lake 

 Erie, and supposed that their eastern termini represent the successive positions 

 ■of the front of the continental glacier during its retreat northeastward across 

 the Lake Erie basin. Mr. Leverett verifies this theory by demonstrating that 

 certain moraines are the correlatives of the beaches. They are as follows : 



I. The Van Wert or upper beach and its correlative moraine, the Blanch- 

 ard ridge. II. The Leipsic or second beach and its correlative moraines. 

 III. The Belmore, or third beach and its correlative moraine. 



L The Van Wert beach extends eastward from the former southwest- 

 ward outlet of Lake Erie near Fort Wayne, Indiana, to Findlay, Ohio, where 

 it joins the Blanchard moraine. Through Indiana and Ohio its altitude is 

 quite uniformly 210 feet above Lake Erie. 



While the Van Wert beach was forming, the ice front was the northeast- 

 ern shore of the lake as far east as Findlay, Ohio, its position being marked 

 by the Blanchard moraine. East of Findlay, where the Van Wert beach 

 joins it, the moraine is of the normal type. But west of Findlay, it presents 

 peculiarities of topography and structure, resulting from the presence of 

 lake water beneath the ice margin. The water was shallow and incapable of 

 buoying up the ice -sheet, and producing icebergs. The motion of the water 

 under the ice -sheet produced a variable stiucture. This is the only 

 instance of a moraine demonstrably formed in lake water. 



II. The Leipsic; or second beach, was formed after the ice had retreated 

 from its position marked by the Blanchard moraine. Its altitude is 195 to 200 

 feet above Lake Erie. It has its terminus near Cleveland, where it connects 

 with the western end of a moraine. 



III. The Belmore beach and its correlative moraine. Between the Leip- 

 sic beach and the present shore of Lake Erie are several beaches. One of 

 these, the Belmore beach, terminates near Cleveland, while the others extend 

 into southwestern New York, and probably connect with moraines, though 

 this connection has not been traced. The general altitude of the Belmore 

 beach in Ohio is 160 to 170 feet above Lake Erie. Unlike the Van Wert and 



