206 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 



Two classes of implements were found ; those of argillite and those of jasper 

 and quartz. He concludes that " an argillite-using man wandered far and 

 wide over this country long before the use of jasper and quartz became so 

 universal." The older " fairly well specialized argillite implements " are, in 

 some localities, found in places at higher levels than the jasper and quartz 

 implements, being deposited when the river flowed at higher levels than at 

 present. However, by erosion and weathering, many of the argillite imple- 

 ments have been dislodged and mingled with the jasper implements along the 

 course of the present river. The subject of palseolithic implements in the 

 undisturbed Trenton gravels is not discussed. The burial customs, earth 

 works, stone mounds, village sites and jasper quarries of the later inhabitants 

 of the valley receive consideration. H. B. K. 



The Drainage of the Bernese Jura. By August F. Foerste, with a 

 Supplementary Note on the Drainage of the Pennsylvania Appala- 

 chians. By W. M. Davis. (From Proceedings of the Boston 

 Society of Natural History, Vol. XXV, April 6, 1892, pp. 392- 

 420, 2 plates). 

 The geological history of the Bernese Jura consists of a series of eleva- 

 tions and depressions, from the Triassic up to the time of the folding in late 

 Tertiary time. The folds have a general east-northeast trend, and were 

 formed by pressure exerted from the southeast along the whole line of the 

 Jura folds. The folds are the strongest along the southeastern border, and 

 decrease in altitude northwestward. They have been considerably eroded. 

 Tertiary and Cretaceous strata are removed from the crests and upper flanks 

 of the higher folds. The drainage lines are : (i) Longitudinal synclinal val- 

 leys ; (2) Occasional shallow longitudinal valleys along the crests of the 

 anticlines, and (3) Transverse valleys across the folds. The origin of these 

 transverse valleys, particularly those of the Suxe and the Birse, is the ques- 

 tion especially discussed, i. The absence of faults at the points where the 

 valleys cross the folds is fatal to the theory of their origin through faults, as 

 held by Thurman. 2. Their origin from fractures, as held by Studer, Jaccard, 

 Reutimeyer and Greppin, is improbable, for the fractures are not frequent in 

 the Jura mountains now. That every gap due to fracture should have become 

 a transverse connecting water channel is improbable. Some would have 

 remained as wind gaps. 3. That they did not originate from outlets of lakes, 

 as suggested by Phillipson, and Noe and Margerie, is manifest from the fact 

 (i) That there were lower points by which the lakes could have been drained ; 

 (2) Some of the basins made by the folding have more than one valley cut- 

 ting through the fold enclosing them. 4. The inconspicuous part played by 

 the lateral streams on the sides of the Jura Mountains is unfavorable to the 



