240 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 



feet high. This is the longest open drainage channel that I 

 have yet seen in the ice. It is about 50 feet broad where the 

 stream rushes from the glacier, but soon widens to several 

 times this breadth. Its bottom is covered with rounded gravel 

 and sand, and along its sides are sand -flats and terraces of 

 gravel resting upon ice. The swift, muddy current was dotted 

 with small bergs stranded here and there in the center of the 

 stream, showing that the water was shallow. Evidently the 

 stream has a long subglacial course and carries with it large 

 quantities of stones which are rounded as in ordinary rivers. 

 Gravel and sand are being rapidly deposited in the ice channel 

 through which it flows after emerging from its tunnel. Broad 

 sand-flats are being spread out in the lakes and swamps two 

 or three miles to the east. The stream is some four or five 

 miles in length and near Yakutat bay meanders over a barren 

 area perhaps a mile broad. I have called it Kame stream 

 because of a ridge of gravel running parallel with it which 

 was deposited during a former stage when the waters flowed 

 about 100 feet higher than now and deposited a long ridge of 

 gravel on the ice which has all the characteristics of the kames 

 in New England. In the more definite classification of glacial 

 sediments now adopted, this would more properly be called an 

 osar. 



Near the shore of Yakutat bay the streams from the glacier 

 spread out in lagoons and sand -flats, where much of the finer 

 portion of the material they carry is deposited. Sometimes this 

 debris is spread out above the ice, and forms level terraces of 

 fine sand and mud which become prominent as the glacier 

 wastes away. 



Osars. — The drainage of the glacier has not been investi- 

 gated as fully as its importance demands, but the observations 

 already made seem to warrant certain conclusions in reference to 

 deposits made within the glacier by subglacial or englacial 

 streams. 



When the streams from the north reach the glacier they in- 

 variably flow into tunnels and disappear from view. The 



