264 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 



of the moraine. The mean of several observations upon kame- 

 like accumulations of gravel lying within ten miles of the parent 

 outcrops gave Mr. Buell 5 per cent, of quartzite, in the interior 

 material accessible in sectional exposures. At points about 

 midway between the parent ledges and the terminal moraine, 

 forty-five miles distant, the average amount was found to be 1.2 

 per cent. Measurements made nearer the limit of ' the later 

 drift showed .39 per cent., while on the margin, the quantities 

 were usually found too small to be estimated in percentages. 



It thus appears that the law of distribution found in the 

 drumlins holds good for the kames save that the relative per- 

 centage of quartzite in the latter is greater than in the former ; 

 a fact which finds its explanation, in part certainly, in the fact 

 that the clayey and other fine material of the drumlins enters 

 into the estimate of percentage for them while it does not in the 

 case of the kames, it having been chiefly washed away ; and 

 perhaps also, in part, in the fact of greater resistance to wear 

 on the part of the quartzite. 



These kame-like accumulations sometimes lie in the lee of 

 the drumlins and form a part of the common hill or ridge, their 

 contours blending into the common contours of the drumloid 

 form, so that there can be no doubt that the two portions were 

 simultaneous in formation, and that the horizon and environment 

 of their accumulation were identical. In other instances, they 

 are associated with cols or with valleys among the drumlins in 

 such a way as to leave no doubt that the kames and drumlins 

 were closely associated and essentially contemporaneous in 

 formation. As some of these kame-like forms lie very near 

 the parent quartzite ledges, it seems quite impossible to suppose 

 that the quartzite erratics were borne to the surface by internal 

 cross movement of the ice, and afterwards let down so near to 

 the origin of the material as we find them. There seems, there- 

 fore, no escape from the conclusion that these are also very 

 strictly basal phenomena, being but assorted and re - aggregated 

 portions of the common drift of the drumlins and the general 

 ground moraine. 



