GLACIAL WORK IN WESTERN MOUNTAINS 729 



toward the north, seven toward the south, and five toward the 

 west. The cirques range from one-fourth of a mile to two miles in 

 width, and from one-eighth of a mile to two and one-half miles in 

 length, and from 150 to lOOO feet in depth. Most of them con- 

 tain lakes or ponds, some of them as many as six, and almost 

 all contain flats or bogs, indicating the former existence of 

 standing water, where there is none now. The total number of 

 ponds and lakelets seen was about eighty. Since they were seen 

 in the rainy season, the number of permanent bodies of stand- 

 ing water may be less. 



The longest glacier track studied is in the valley of the Santa 

 Fe Creek. The ice emanating from three cirques united to form 

 a sinofle arlacier which Messrs. Webb and Averill think extended 

 some seven miles down the valley, its lower end reaching down 

 to an altitude of about 9200 feet, the lowest altitude, so far as 

 seen, to which the ice descended. The largest area of glacia- 

 tion from a single source is that on the east side of the Pecos 

 Baldy group, in the valley of Jack's Creek, while the largest 

 continuous area of glaciation (to which the ice from several 

 sources contributed) is that along the group of mountains at the 

 head of Santa Fe Creek. 



The moraine matter left in the cirques, and in the valleys 

 below them, often has a pronounced hummock-and-hoUow 

 topography. Its composition varies from point to point. The 

 chief accumulations are in the bottoms of the valleys. The 

 morainic matter is often disposed in ridges most commonly 

 roughly parallel to the axes of the valleys and to the direction 

 of ice movement, but often oblique or even at right angles to 

 this direction. 



Strise were found on vocJies moutonnees in several places, while 

 smoothed and polished rock surfaces are of frequent occur- 

 rence. 



The higher ridges and peaks of the glaciated regions are 

 serrate, but serrate crests are confined strictly to the higher 

 parts of the range. Serration often characterizes the tops of the 

 mountains, on the sides of which the glaciated cirques lie. 



