SO-CALLED CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS IN MINNESOTA 685 
granite, the gravels and the till, it was transported by the glacier 
en masse from the northwest. 
The Cretaceous in Goodhue county is known to cover about 
one-half square mile from o to 40 feet deep. It lies in sections 
3 and 10, town of Goodhue, three miles northward from Goodhue 
village, and one and one-half miles east of Clay Bank station. 
It consists of a succession of sand and clay strata which are now 
quite irregular, although when deposited they could not have 
been so. The top of the mass always shows disturbance from a 
glacier which has moved over it, although comparatively lightly, 
from a northwesterly direction. In the many pits which form a 
long series of exposures, no stratum appeared undisturbed, but 
rather every one has been shifted on the other. ‘The thickness 
of the parts varies in short distances, some of the beds tapering 
to points and wholly disappearing.” * 
It should be emphasized, that the irregularities of the twenty 
or more successively alternating sand and clay strata, are not 
due to sedimentation as believed heretofore, but to later disloca- 
tion which was evidently glacial. In the most regular sequence 
observed, which is seen in a pit on the west side of the highway, 
every stratum has been shifted upon the other. In other 
exposures they show even more irregularities, and it is quite 
impracticable to describe all the peculiarities of this kind. But 
all of them are modifications of a once regular series of alternat- 
ing clay and sand strata which, as is shown by their continuity 
in some cases, were probably very uniform and continuous when 
deposited as sediment. In one case a fairly regular succession 
now forms a syncline. The strata dip on the one side at an angle 
of fifteen degrees for forty feet at least. The other side is 
steeper and shorter. One coarse sandstone stratum in particular 
runs uniformly two feet thick down one side and up the other. 
It could not have been so deposited. A clay stratum on the 
contrary is bunched into a lenticular mass in the syncline. It 
would not have been so deposited. Rather frequently a sand 
stratum is interrupted or widely isolated in thick lenticular 
* WINCHELL, op. cit., p. 44, 1. 6. 
