SO-CALLED CRETACEOUS DEPOSITS IN MINNESOTA 687 
the Cretaceous. It is crusted over in one place with a black 
coating of iron. Upon it is found a few inches of unassorted 
fine sand like that of the Saint Peter sandstone, and numerous 
small bright pebbles, while in other places the loess rests upon 
it instead. On either side of the Saint Peter sandstone are 
Cretaceous strata which are now weathered, however, and their 
relation to the Saint Peter is no longer clearly defined in the 
exposure. But they seem to have conformed to the surface of the 
latter, without intervening deposit. The generally undulating 
arrangement of the strata in all the pits argues also that they 
conform to an irregular or undulating surface beneath them. 
If the strata had been deposited just where they now lie, 
they would have been unconformable to the underlying structure, 
and horizontal instead of inclined. The strata have been dis- 
turbed if not transported ez masse. Whether they have been 
moved a few feet or a few hundred miles remains to be shown. 
Likewise, one must define the mass as either in its originally 
deposited character, Cretaceous, or as now glacial drift. An 
elaborate discussion on how far rock must be moved out of 
location before it is to be called drift, would end in this case, 
however, only in the recognition of the fact that possibly some 
unexposed stratum may be still zm set as Cretaceous. 
I endeavored to find some proof that this patch is an outlier 
of a once widespreading formation of this region. The striking 
presence of mica sand argues a general formation rather than a 
local one. In Cretaceous time, the only known source of mica 
must have been either granitoid rocks far to the northeast or to 
the northwest, or possibly the Saint Lawrence formation and 
Cambrian sandstones, the exposures of which could have been 
only far distant, while Cretaceous sediments were depositing 
three hundred feet above them in this region of nearly horizon- 
tal formations. Moreover I did not find that the Saint Peter 
sandstone detritus forms any part of this Cretaceous rock. Yet, 
the Saint Peter stands adjacent and protrudes to the height of 
the other deposit. The materials are evidently from distant 
sources. Inthe vicinity of this particular hill are other hills or 
