688 FW. SARDESON 
buttes which must be equally high, because they cut off the view 
of the more distant horizon. On these hills are farmhouses, 
with the never-failing wells two hundred feet deep. Excava- 
tions for cellars have also been made, but although the value of 
the ‘Clay Bank” must inevitably have been impressed upon 
every mind in the neighborhood, still no one is known to have 
observed similar clays or equivalent deposits on other hills. It 
is very probable that they do not exist. 
In view of this contradictory evidence, other hypotheses 
were sought which might harmonizethem. It may be suggested 
that either the deposit was that of a meandering river, or that 
the mass has been borne hither by the capricious glacier. To 
the former hypothesis there is the seeming objection, that the 
alternating strata of uniform composition and sharply defined 
stratification, do not suggest a river flood deposit, but it may 
explain the presence of mica in the sand. To the other hypoth- 
esis, however, no objection arises which cannot be circumvented. 
The mass of clay and sand is large, and cannot be compared ~ 
to any mass of granite or of limestone which are found among 
erratics; but the Galena (Trenton) shales which are tougher 
than limestones are known to have been transported ez masse by 
the Wisconsin glaciers. Bodies of this kind are known within 
the city limits of St. Paul, Minnesota. One is at St. Anthony 
Park station, and although it is much distorted, is yet mainly 
unmixed with foreign materials and is highly fossiliferous, It 
is exposed in four places within half a square mile. At Dale 
and Martin streets, a similar body covering an acre and possibly 
a much larger area, lies in the drift high above the horizon of 
the shales 27 sz#as exposed inthe region. At Stickney, Curtice 
and Concord streets, a somewhat smaller mass has been cut 
through by the Chicago and Great Western railway, and this mass 
preserves the stratification quite completely although the strata 
form a syncline and an anticline and overlap the till. These 
masses, however, have necessarily been transported more than 
one half or one or two miles from where they were dislodged. 
The Cretaceous near Goodhue is very much tougher than the 
