REVIEWS. 
The Naples Fauna (Fauna with Manticoceras intumescens) im 
Western New York. By Joun M. Crarke. 16th Ann. Rep. 
N. Y. State Geol., pp. 31-165, Plates I-IX. 
The faunas of the Upper Devonian period in New York, are of 
great interest to all students of the geologic phases of paleontology. 
In the earliest fauna of this period, the Cuboides fauna of the Tully 
limestone, there appear suddenly several new types of organisms, 
chiefly brachiopods, among which the most important is Aypothyris 
cuboides, which have no genetic predecessors in the region. ‘These 
strangers or exotic forms, therefore, must be considered as migration 
species whose previous evolution had taken place in some other 
geologic province, but which, with the establishment of some new line 
of communication at the beginning of Upper Devonian time, were 
enabled to find their way into the New York province. Bya careful study 
of this Cuboides fauna and its geographic distribution, Professor H. 5. 
Williams has been led to the conclusion that it first developed in the 
European or Eurasian province and later migrated into North America, 
coming in from the northwest along the Mackenzie basin, moving 
southward and finally eastward into the New York province. 
The Naples or Intumescens fauna, which is the subject of Professor 
Clarke’s paper, is a successor of the Cuboides fauna in western New 
York. Like the latter it is a widely distributed fauna in Europe, and 
it is always characterized by the goniatite genus Manticoceras of which 
the species JZ. intumescens is the common European form. Outside 
of New York the fauna characterized by this type of goniatite is found 
in North America only in Iowa and in the Mackenzie basin. In these 
two localities the characteristic goniatite is but sparsely represented, 
but in western New York it is present in considerable abundance and 
is represented by numerous species. From the evidence, therefore, it 
would seem that this fauna also found its way from Europe into North 
America by the same path along which the Cuboides fauna had 
migrated, but at a little later time. Along the way it left but slight 
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