128 CHARLES R. DRYER 



to the east, southeast and south, but it seems impossible to 

 interpret the local phenomena upon that supposition. If the till 

 ridge is a frontal moraine the direction of ice movement was 

 northward. During the formation of this moraine the ice was 

 traversed by tunnels or cracks which surrounded a block occupy- 

 ing the High Lake basin. These openings formed to some extent 

 the channels of glacial drainage, but the writer finds himself 

 unable to conceive how any considerable quantity of the sand, 

 gravel and boulders in the ridges could have been transported 

 by running water and deposited in such irregular and discon- 

 nected heaps. The clearest mental picture he is able to construct 

 is that of a high narrow crack or tunnel, perhaps gradually trans- 

 formed by the collapse of its roof into an ice-walled canyon open 

 to the sky. Into this crevasse the surface debris slid or was 

 irregularly dumped until it was filled to a height considerably 

 above the tops of the present ridges. The subsequent removal 

 of the walls permitted the pile to spread and assume such form 

 as gravity and the coherence of the material permitted. In form 

 the main gravel ridge is much like the pile of iron ore seen in 

 the yard of a modern blast furnace and perhaps it may be regarded 

 as a dump moraine formed under peculiar conditions. At the 

 position of the large kettle the crack must have divided around 

 an isolated ice-block or island which, although not more than 

 two hundred yards in diameter, persisted through the whole 

 period of filling, the bulk of the material being deposited equally 

 on each side of it. Genetic classification of the system as a 

 whole seems impossible. It might be called an esker-kame- 

 moraine. 



About five miles west of High Lake, along the valley of Turkey 

 Creek lies the system of eskers shown in Fig. 2. The valley is 

 here from one fourth to one half a mile wide and bounded by 

 well defined bluffs. The valley floor is occupied for several 

 miles by a peat bog containing a dozen small lakes. About one 

 mile of it is traversed by a series of sand ridges and mounds 

 disposed in characteristic eskerine patterns and contours. The 

 direction of drainage was plainly northward. The main ridge 



