170 FREDERICK IV. SARDESON 



cells (text Fig. 2, B), the alternating apertural ends being rounded , 

 the other cells at that point being appressed, angular. The 

 walls are poorly preserved as compared to fossil brachiopods 

 and corals upon which they have grown, but very probably the 

 basal side of the cell only was porous. Sometimes the bands or 

 branches become very wide, thus approaching nearly Berenicea 

 proper, in which perigene growth, like that of incrusting 

 monticuliporoids is simulated. Since Stomatopora and Berenicea 

 include also Recent species, their position as Bryozoa is estab- 

 lished. The serial relation of other Cyclostomata and the rather 

 similar zoaria of Chilostomata are further well shown in hand- 

 books, and will not be discussed here. 



In comparing Berenicea, including Proboscina, one at once 

 notes that there are no tabulae, no monticules or maculse, no 

 mesopores, no thick walled region, that the apertural vestibules 

 are free and cell walls perforate. Monticuliporoid cells have 

 imperforate walls. Further, all monomorphic monticuliporoids 

 are again different, having without exception apertures of cells 

 crowded together. Dimorphic forms with tabulse are also to be 

 excluded, while dimorphic, short celled, non-tabulate forms may 

 be admitted to closer comparison. In fact, such as Protocrasina 

 (Eastman, op. cit., p. 262, Fig. 417) appears to be, might be bryo- 

 zoon or monticuliporoid as to its outward aspect, the nature of 

 its walls as poriferous, thin, or dense, thick, being the determining 

 difference. But the comparison requires the Cyclostomata to 

 be viewed-as derived from highest specialized Monticuliporoidea, 

 the dense autocell walls of these to be explained as having 

 become porous in Berenicea, et. al., and the thick, solid mesopore 

 spaces reduced to a minimum, and thus at once a weak chain of 

 hypotheses or an arbitrary definition is required to unite the 

 nearest Bryozoon, Berenicea, to Monticuliporoidea. 



Other Cyclostomata differing from Berenicea in changing the 

 prostrate growth into bifoliate, acrogene, or massive form, and 

 the cell apertures and vestibules from free to more or less in 

 contact as in Osculipora, Aspendisia, etc. (Eastman, op. cit., pp. 

 264-265), resemble thereby such monticuliporoids as Stellipora, 



