196 REVIEWS 



regarded by him as belonging more probably to a fern, though it is 

 possibly gymnospermous. Phyllotheca Ralli is an extremely interest- 

 ing type whose fructification appears to be very close to that of the liv- 

 ing Equisetum, while the leaf sheath, suggestive of Annularia radiata, 

 is very similar to that of an undescribed species from the lower 

 Kanawha group of West Virginia. The genus Phyllotheca, which is 

 present in the Indo-Australian Glossopteris flora (Permo-Carbonifer- 

 ous), and which for a long time was supposed not to have appeared in 

 Europe until the Jurassic, has later been described from the Permian 

 and is now known in the Coal Measures of both Europe and America. 



C. The upper or Caradons stage in the Heraclean basins is repre- 

 sented by many localities whose largely common floras evidently lie 

 in or near the same stage. Its flora includes : Sphenopteris [Crosso- 

 thecd) Crepini*, S. Bronni*, Pahnatopteris alata*, Pecopteris Miltoni* , 

 P. oreopteridia*. P. unita*, P. Roehli, P. plumosa*, P. Pluckeneti*, P. 

 Newberryi*, Alethopteris Serli*, A. Grandini*, Odontopteris britan- 

 nica *, O. Reichiana *, Nevropteris Scheuchzeri *, IV. heterophylla *, IV. 

 rarinervis *, IV. tenuifolia *, Linopteris obliqua *, L. Munsteri, Caulop- 

 teris patria, Ptychopteris macrodiscus, Sphenophyllum cuneifoliiun *, S. 

 emarginatum *, 6 1 . oblongifolium, S. majus *, Annularia stellata *, A. 

 sphcnophylloides *, Lepidodendron Jaraczewski, Sigillaria tessellata *, 

 Cordaites borassifolius*, Cordaites principalis*, Cordaicarpus con- 

 gruens*, and Samaropsis fliiitans* . 



Five species, Sphenopteris Limai, Pecopteris Armasi, Alethopteris 

 pontica, Linopteris clongata, and Plhithiotheca anatolica, have not been 

 found elsewhere. 



In the above list the asterisk (*) denotes an American distribution 

 for the species, most of which are familiar to those geologists who 

 have observed the plants of the Coal Measures in the northern bitumi- 

 nous basins. Among them Pecopteris Miltoni, P. unita, P. Pluckeneti, P. 

 Newberryi, Alethopteris Serlii, A. Grandini, Odontopteris britannica, O. 

 Reichiana, Nevropteris Scheuchzeri, IV. rarinervis, Linopteris obliqua, 

 Sphenophyllum emarginatum, S. oblongifolium, S. majus, Annularia stel- 

 lata, and A. sphenophylloides are characteristic of the Allegheny series 

 and higher Coal Measures. 



The flora of the Caradons stage contains a mingling of uppermost 

 Westphalian species with Stephanian types. This flora is correlated 

 by Zeiller with that of the stage of the Radstock Series in England, 

 the Geislaiitern beds in the Saar region, the " middle series " in the 



