THE VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS 25 I 



advancing, thirteen are stationary, and more than twenty-two 

 are retreating. 1 



Italian Alps. — Eight glaciers show a retreat and two an 

 advance. 2 



French Alps. — -The Societe des Touristes du Dauphine has 

 recently published an important book on the glaciers of Dau- 

 phine. 3 The conclusions are as follows : 



As a rule the glaciers of this region have been in retreat 

 during the second half of the nineteenth century, but some 

 became stationary and a few even advanced between 1889 an< 3 

 1893. Of the glaciers under observation twenty-four are in 

 retreat and two are stationary. One of these, the glacier Blanc, 

 is remarkable; it advanced before 1865, was in retreat from 

 1865 to 1886, and then began an advance which has continued 

 until 1899; during this period the glaciers nearby were in 

 retreat, though a few of them showed an advance for a short 

 time. Three glaciers at present show a thickening which may 

 result in an advance. 



Swedish Alps. — The Mika glacier has been stationary since 



1897. Observations have shown a velocity of i8.3 cm a day in 

 summer, whereas the mean for the year is y.6 cm . 4 



Norwegian Alps. — A number of glaciers have been under 

 observation and show in general a very slight retreat. The 

 western glaciers of Jotunheim advanced during the summer of 



1898. During the last few years a small snowfall and much 

 heat is reported for this region and these glaciers are again in 

 retreat. 5 



Greenland.- — -Photographs of the small Kiagtut glacier, near 

 Julianehaab, show a retreat of several hundred meters between 

 1876 and 1899. A small glacier on the island of Disko retreated 

 46™ between 1890 and 1891. 6 



1 Report of Professor Finsterwalder. 2 Report of Mr. Olinto Marinelli. 



3 Observations sur les Variations des Glaciers et l'Enneigement dans les Alpes 

 dauphinoises; edited by Professor W. Kilian. Grenoble, 1900. 



4 Report of Dr. Svenonius. 



s Report of Dr. Oyen. 6 Report of Dr. Steenstrup. 



