306 A. P. COLEMAN 



easily distinguished from the peaty clay which makes red 

 brick. 



The highest part of the Scarboro' escarpment, about a mile 

 east of the Dutch church, gives the best section of these com- 

 plex glacial deposits. At the point where the old Iroquois 

 beach is cut off for a distance by the present lake cliff, there is a 

 face of 270 feet displaying three layers of bowlder clay separated 

 by stratified sand, the whole overlying the stratified fossiliferous 

 sands of the Toronto Formation. A few hundred yards to the 

 east of this the escarpment reaches its highest level, 354 feet 

 above the lake, but the lower part is not so well shown. The 

 upper portion is, however, more complete, since overlying the 

 third till sheet one finds laminated grayish blue or purplish clay 

 followed by evenly bedded fine sand, on which rests a fourth 

 bowlder clay. Putting the two sections together we have the 

 following complete section : 



Feet 



Bowlder clay No. 4 48-354 



Stratified sand overlying stratified clay 36-306 

 Bowlder clay No. 2 ------ 32-270 



Silty sand, the upper layers crumpled 25-238 f 203 feet Glacial Complex 



Bowlder Clay No. 3 9-213 



Cross bedded sand ----- - 29-204 \ 



Bowlder clay No, 1 24-175 J 



Fossiliferous sand SQ-^ 1 ) 



Peaty clay -------- 92- 92 r 151 feet, Toronto Formation 



Lake Ontario -------- o ' 



The whole series of tills with the interstratified sand and clay 

 at Scarboro' amounts to 203 feet in thickness and implies a gla- 

 cially dammed lake reaching more than 300 feet above Ontario. 

 The highest stratified materials in the neighborhood of Toronto 

 occur, however, at the North Toronto waterworks, 360 feet above 

 the lake, where a well showed several beds of clay alternating 

 with sand and gravel, probably equivalent to some of the beds 

 at Scarboro'. 



No fossils have been found in the sands or clays of the gla- 

 cial complex at Scarboro', but a few have been picked up in strat- 

 ified sand lying between two beds of bowlder clay at the 



