138 E. C. CASE 



considering the affinities. The middle portion of the pterygoid oppo- 

 site the processes of the basisphenoid is fiat and even somewhat con- 

 cave on the lower surface. The anterior processes extend forward 

 and outward as flat plates to articulate with the jugal and the maxil- 

 lary. The processes of the two sides diverge rapidly, so that, if they 

 met in the middle line at all, it was only for a very short distance. The 

 outer portion of the anterior end unites directly with the maxillary 

 on the level of the under surface of the skull, but the inner edge rises 

 in the skull, and its anterior part lies on the upper surface of the 

 strong alveolar shelf or buttress of the maxillary (see description of 

 maxillary below.) Between the anterior end of this portion of the 

 pterygoid and the maxillary there is, seemingly, a small bone sepa- 

 rated from the two by indistinct sutures. This I take to be the 

 greatly degenerated transverse. The suture between it and the 

 maxillary is marked by a large foramen. 



The posterior portion of the pterygoid is vertical and joins the 

 quadrate in the usual manner. There are no traces of teeth on the 

 pterygoid. 



The palatines. — These are very degenerate. The portion described 

 by Cope as the palatines is evidently the anterior part of the ptery- 

 goids and the palatines he described as "maxillary ridges." They 

 appear as ridges which originate near the middle of the maxillary 

 bones and curve backward with them, growing gradually wider as 

 they recede, till they terminate sharply near the posterior end of 

 the maxillaries. At the same time the ridge curves downward and 

 away from the maxillaries as a thin process which terminates in a 

 sharp, rather rugose edge, much like the edge of the maxillary of a 

 turtle after the horny sheath has been removed. This ridge is sepa- 

 rated from the maxillary by an indistinct suture, so that it is evidently 

 the palatine; but it occupies a most anomalous position in that it 

 does not meet its fellow of the opposite side in the middle line, and 

 is not articulated with the pterygoid except at the posterior end; 

 neither does it touch the vomer. Cope mentioned teeth on what 

 he regarded as the palatines, but I can find teeth on neither pala- 

 tine nor pterygoid in two well-prepared specimens. 



The transverse. — This has been described above with the ptery- 

 goid. 



