376 REVIEWS 



the northern end of Lake Champlain. The surface rock of Alburg and 

 North Hero is Utica shale, while on Isle La Motte and Grand Isle patches 

 of the Beekmantown, Chazy, Black River, Trenton, and Utica formations 

 occur. The entire region is underlain by Ordovician rocks. A large part 

 of Isle La Motte is covered by glacier clay and beaches. The southern end 

 of Grand Isle has numerous dikes. The chapter closes with a description 

 of the Stromatoceria, and similar forms of the Chazy, of Isle La Motte. 



The report on the lignite or brown coal of Brandon and its fossils, 

 embraces a brief resume of the literature relating to the discovery age, 

 origin, geological occurrence, and fossils of the lignite deposits. To this 

 is added a note on the geological relations of the Brandon lignite, with map, 

 by T. N. Dale, of the United States Geological Survey, and a note on the 

 Brandon clays, by J. B. Woodworth, of the New York State Survey. The 

 age of the Brandon formations is not determined. The discussion closes 

 with a description of the fossil forms of the Brandon lignite, and plates 

 illustrating most of the species studied. 



The chapter on hydrology, also by Dr. Perkins, states that springs are 

 the chief source of Vermont water-supply. Wells 10 to 30 feet in depth 

 are used in a few localities. Deeper wells are seldom used, and are limited 

 to the western part of the state. In Champlain Valley several flowing wells 

 have been drilled. The joint investigation of the underground water- 

 supply in Vermont by the state and United States Geological Surveys is 



still in progress. 



A. R. S. 



The Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements. By Albert Victor 

 Bleininger, B.Sc, Instructor in Ceramics, Ohio State Univer- 

 sity. Geological Survey of Ohio, Fourth Series, Bulletin No. 3 

 (1904). Pp. xiv+391. 

 This volume embodies the results of four years' work, and is a valuable 

 contribution to the subject of cement manufacture. Some idea of the scope 

 of the bulletin may be gained from the headings of the chapters, which 

 are as follows: "General Considerations on the Hydraulic Cements;" 

 *'Raw Materials of the Cement Industry;" "Analysis and Testing of the 

 Raw Materials;" "Manufacture of Puzzuolane and Natural Cements;" 

 •"On the Nature of Portland Cement;" "The Compounding of Portland 

 Cement Mixtures;" "Winning and Preparation of the Raw Materials;" 

 "The Burning of Portland Cement — the Grinding of the Clinker and 

 General Arrangements of Plants;" "The Properties of Portland Cement 

 and the Testing of Cement." Several of these chapters are of more than 



