TERTIARY FORMATIONS OF OLTENIA 697 



Targu Jiu a well was bored 250™ deep, and only fine banded marls 

 were found, without any other rock, lower layers not being reached. 

 Through the whole of its extent this facies contains very many 

 Cypris and small H ydrobiae, and traces of plants, especially algae. 

 In such deposits, or in their representatives among the conglomerates, 

 I have found Unionidae and Congeriae in several localities, where 

 Sabba Stefanescu and Redlich and I have also found Mactrae and 

 Modioli, etc. Sabba Stefanescu has emphasized the fact of the 

 mixture of the Sarmatian marine fossils with fresh- water species; 1 

 and I agree with Andrussow and Laskareff in thinking that also in 

 Oltenia the transition from the Sarmatian beds to the conformable 

 Pontic ones is through the Mceotic layers. 



Westward from Oltetu I have found, in the lower marls and sand, 

 the following characteristic Pontic fossils: Valenciennesiae, Limneae, 

 and transition forms; then Congeriae, Zagrabica, Dreissensidae, 

 Cardii, etc. (at Piticu, Pociovalistea, Huluba, Balcesti, Turbati, 

 Targu Jiu, Dealul Targului, Barzesti, etc.). Among the marls 

 there is a small bed or lenticular pocket of sand containing pyrites, 

 which becomes changed, forming sulphates (gypsum, melanterite, 

 epsomite, etc.) and iron oxides, etc. 



Iodine and mineral water also come from these beds. In the 

 highest horizon of the marls we find Cardium Riegeli Horn., Proso- 

 dacnae, etc. (Bengesti-Scoarta-Zorlesti, etc.). 



Eastward of Bengesti, up to Oltetu (Zorlesti, Sitoaia, Igoiu, etc.), 

 the Pontic layers form a very flat anticline; there are deep banks of 

 sand and shingle, sandstone and grit with Congeriae and Planorbis. 

 Above this complex we have a bank of oolitic limestone full of Neri- 

 tinae, Unionidae, Congeriae (and Dreissensidae?), etc. A similar 

 oolitic limestone with Neritinae can be seen at Suseni above the 

 Sarmatian conglomerates. 2 Above the oolitic limestone we find sand 

 and marl beds at Negoesti-Rosia-Igoi, etc.; and then comes the 

 lignitiferous zone with Vivipara bijarcinata, studied by Fontannes 

 at Cucesti and Turcesti, Genuneni, Folestidejos, Berbesti, and by 



1 PalcBontologie, Vol. II. 



2 This horizon resembles closely, as facies and fauna, that described as Mceotic 

 by W. Teisseyre in the Buzeu district, Verhandlungen d. k. k. geol. Reichsanstalt, 1897. 

 I am awaiting the determination of Professor Laskareff, which will solve the question. 



