TERTIARY FORMATIONS OF OLTENIA 711 



Both at the beginning of and during the Sarmatian age some 

 changes took place in the Olt region ; here we find the Lower Sarma- 

 tian wanting, there the Upper, and in the higher deposits of the 

 Sarmatian and Mceotic we find gypsum and blocks of palla. The 

 sea also becomes of different character in different parts; in the Olt 

 region subbrackish water, with Dosinia exoleta and Modiola var. 

 minora, predominates; in the west the water becomes fresh, and 

 Valenciennes ia and Limnea appear. 



These dislocations are contemporaneous with the large Danube 

 fault ; subsequently Pontic waters invaded the hollowed-out ground, 

 forming a lake and depositing layers several hundred meters thick. 

 At this time some volcanic activity made itself felt. The epoch of 

 the most dislocations and folds which are figured in the adjoining 

 map is posterior to the time of Vivipara bijarcinata. 



After the deposition of the lignite seams, the syncline Rimnicu- 

 Horezu-Piticu became accentuated, 1 between the anticlines Fundatura 

 and Ocnele Mari. In the anticlines many fissures and land-slips 

 have formed. The chief faults are : (1) Dosul-Fundatura-Bujoreni- 

 Runcu; (2) Govora-Maldaresti; (3) Stoenesti-Titireciu-Vladesti- 

 Ramnic; (4) Slatioara with a thrust of the Pontic layers over the 

 folds of the salt formation. As secondary anticline I may note the 

 Buleta-Serbanesti one. 



At the same time, the Sacel region became faulted and corrugated, 

 intercalating the anticlines between the mountains and the Slatioara 

 anticline, of which the most important is the southern one. Small 

 the faults can also be recognized (Bircei). The movements, violent in 

 Olt region, are quite reduced in the west, so that, while the Slatioara 

 island is transformed into an unrecognizable "pienine," the Sacel 

 island still retains the character of a true Miocene klippe. 



As a long-delayed result of the Mediterranean geosyncline, a 

 stream chose its bed in the Levantine age alongside the skirt of the 

 Carpathians, Gilortu westward, Matru eastward, the deposits from 



1 L. Mrazec {Bull. Soc. Sc, 1900, 1904, etc.) and E. de Martonne (Comptes Rendus 

 de V Acad. Sc. Paris, 1901 and 1904) have described this depression, and especially 

 E. de Martonne first adduced many facts for the tectonic origin of the Subcarpathian 

 depression; my observations, in these adjoining figures and sketch, confirm their 

 suggestion. 



