Reviews — Life of James Geikie. 88 



detail, and a great future was predicted for the metal cobalt, Avhich 

 in some ways is superior to nickel. The production of tungsten ores 

 has been greatly stimulated by the War, and many new sources have 

 been discovered. Molybdenum is also rapidly increasing in im- 

 portance for the same reason. The gold production of South Africa 

 has now reached the enormous value of nearly forty million pounds 

 sterling per annum. 



The lectures, which were illustrated by a large number of excellent 

 lantern slides, were listened to by large and appreciative audiences, 

 and must be regarded as highly successful. 



III. — The Age of this Bolivian Andes. 



IN 1915 Professors Singewald and Benjamin L. Miller collected 

 from rocks of hitherto undetermined age in the copper district 

 of Corocoro fossil plants of the same flora as that previously known 

 from the silver district of Potosi, whence also they made collections. 

 These have been described by Professor E. W. Berry (Proc. U.S. 

 Nat. Mus., vol. liv, pp. 103-rt4, pis. xv-xviii, October, 1917) and 

 the tj-pes and figured specimens presented to the United States 

 National Museum. The age of the flora is determined as Pliocene, 

 whence it follows that the major elevation of the Eastern Andes 

 of Bolivia and the high plateau took place in the late Pliocene and 

 throughout the Pleistocene, and that the extensive mineralization 

 of the region is of equally late geological age. A Brachiopod, 

 Discinisca singewaldi, found at 13,500 feet above sea-level, and 

 described by Professor Schuchert in the same paper, similarly 

 proves an elevation of at least that amount since Miocene times. 



IV. — West Australian Chalk Foraminifera. 

 rpHE fauna of the Gingin Chalk (= Albian to Cenomanian) was 

 L made known by the researches of Bobert Etheridge, jun. 

 (Bull. Geol. Surv. W. Australia, No. 55, 1913), and its Foraminiferal 

 contents listed by Howchin (Rep. Adelaide Meeting Austr. Assoc, 

 September, 1893). Since then Frederick Chapman has been working 

 on the deposit, and has now produced a monograph on the Foramini- 

 fera and Ostracoda (Bull., No. 72, 1917). A mere glance at 

 Chapman's careful drawings shows the completely Upper Cretaceous 

 nature of the deposit and the remarkable agreement of the fauna 

 with the English equivalents. Eighty-one pages, of which 14 are 

 devoted to illustrations (plates); 134 species of Foraminifera, 16 of 

 Ostracoda. 



I?.El^v7"IE]A7vrS. 



I. — James Geikie, the Man and the Geologist. By Marion 

 I. Newbigin and J. S. Flett. pp. xi + 227, with four portraits. 

 Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd, 1917. Price 7s. 6r/. 



THIS charmingly written book is divided into two distinct parts. 

 The first, by Miss Newbigin, deals with James Geikie's life 

 from the biographical standpoint, while in the second part Dr. Flett 



