86 Beviews- — Prof. Bonney — Volcanoes in Many Lands. 



lunule, properly speaking. Instead, there are two short, narrow 

 grooves indented into the test, one on the adapical surface and one 

 immediately below on the adoral surface by the periproct. The 

 appearance is as if the specimens were wax models which had been 

 pinched by a hot pair of fine forceps. The lunule is thus in this 

 species " caught in the act" of developing by resorption. There is 

 no question of this being an ontogenetic stage of some more ordinary 

 species, for the type is 86 mm. long, and another specimen 93 mm. 

 We have here a peculiarly perfect illustration of the interrelation 

 between phylogeny and ontogeny. 



But Micope annectans must be a specially retarded or atavistic 

 species, for side by side with it, in the same district and at the same 

 horizon, lived £!. megatrema, in which the interradial lunule is 

 gigantic when compared with that usual in the genus. The great 

 triangular perforation occupies a large part of what should have been 

 tlie posterior interambulacrum, comparable (when viewed from the 

 adapical surface) with the large periproct of such a genus as Pileus. 

 JE. megatrema represents a high-water mark of lunule-specialization 

 that has not been attained since. Thus the period of the Gatun 

 formation in Central America marks the childhood of the Encope- 

 stock, and the two species here discussed represent respectively the 

 backward and precocious members of the family. Students of 

 phylogeny will welcome this reminder that it is particularly 

 characteristic of youth to run to extremes, and it is this faculty 

 which makes children so fascinating, be they of Holocene or 

 Oligocene date. 



H. L. H. 



III. — Volcanic Studies in Many Lands (Second Series),' being 

 Eepkodtjctions of Photogeaphs taken by the Author. By 

 Tempest Anderson, M.D., D.Sc, etc. ; Text by Professor T. Gr. 

 Bonney, Sc.D., P. U.S., etc. London : John Murray, 1917. 

 15s. net. 



ALL geologists who remember Dr. Tempest Anderson's first book 

 of photographs of volcanic phenomena will welcome the 

 publication of a second series which has been undertaken by Professor 

 Bonney under tlie above title. The work entailed in collecting and 

 arranging the views here reproduced must have been considerable, 

 since many of them deal with little-known districts, and as some in 

 addition were taken on Dr. Anderson's last journey, from which 

 unfortunately he never returned, the exact localities of many of 



^ The first part of Dr. Tempest Anderson's Volcanic Studies in Many Lands 

 appeared in 1903, and was reviewed in the Geological Magazine for that 

 year by Mr. Hudleston, pp. 160-4. Dr. Tempest Anderson, who spent 

 many years in visiting and photographing active and extinct volcanoes in 

 ahnost every part of the globe, died on his return voyage from the Philippine 

 Islands, August 26, 1913 (see Obituary, Geol. Mag., Oct. 1918, pp. 478-9). 

 By his will he left £50,000 to the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, of which 

 he had always been a generous supporter; he also added £25,000 to the 

 Percy Sladen Memorial Fund, endowed by his sister in 1904 (see Geol. Mag., 

 Feb. 1914, p. 96). 



