''Reviews — Prof. Bonney — Volcanoes in Many Lands. 87 



them were rather doubtful owing to the fact that the notes which he 

 left were often very brief. However, Professor Bonney has done his 

 work well and has, from the material which he found, built up very 

 interesting accounts of some rather imperfectly known volcanic 

 regions. 



The book is prefaced by a short life of the author by his friend 

 Mr. Gr. Yeld, and the chapters immediately following this deal with 

 European volcanoes, and illustrations are given of Vesuvius, Etna, 

 and Stromboli, the latter in eruption ; one illustration shows a 

 curious oval-shaped detached smoke cloud floating away from the 

 summit of Etna. The following chapters deal with a second visit to 

 Martinique and St. Vincent, and photographs are reproduced of the 

 returning vegetation on these volcanoes, and also of the surface of 

 the ash deposits formed in the eruption of 1902, showing the e:ffect 

 of denudation on the loose material. In 1906 Dr. Anderson visited 

 Mexico to attend a meeting of the International Geological Congress 

 and endeavoured to obtain photographs of the volcanoes of that 

 country. Owing to the difficulties of travel, not so much was 

 accomplished as was hoped, but photographs were obtained of some 

 of the principal peaks, the most striking being those of Iztaccihuatl 

 and Colima. 



From here Dr. Anderson went on to Guatemala. The volcanoes 

 of this country form a row of cones averaging from 10,000 to 

 12,000 feet in height, roughly parallel with the Pacific coast. They 

 are situated along the edge of a hilly platform about 5,000 feet high, 

 which rises abruptly from the sea, so that, from a passing ship, they 

 may be seen to the full advantage. Their activity is rather inter- 

 mittent, but eruptions, when they do occur, are generally violent ; 

 the ejected material is cliiefly fragmentary, lava being very rare. 



The most important cones are Cerro Quemado, Atitlan, and 8anta 

 Maria. The first, except for a small eruption in 1891, has been 

 quiet since 1785, when it discharged large quantities of lava which 

 must have been very viscous, as the flows often terminate with 

 vertical walls as much as 100 feet in height. Some very flne " bread- 

 crust " bombs were seen here, one of which is shown in a photo- 

 graph. Atitlan, 11,570 feet high, is 35 miles south-east of Cerro 

 Quemado. Dr. Anderson ascended the mountain, but found on the 

 summit only a very ill-defined crater, with a few fumaroles. The 

 mountain looks down on to a lake twenty miles in length, which 

 from its shape seems to have been a volcanic crater. The third 

 mountain, Santa Maria, which lies a few miles south of Cerro 

 Quemado, is a very regulaidy shaped ash cone. Prior to 1902 it was 

 supposed to be extinct, but in that year a great lateral outburst 

 occurred which shattered the northern slopes of the cone and 

 produced a new subsidiary crater on a small shelf 6,000 feet above 

 sea-level. The new crater was oval in shape, about three-quarters 

 of a mile long, with its major axis parallel to the Pacific coast. 

 Photographs ai'e reproduced showing Atitlan and Santa Mai'ia and 

 also a nearer view of the new crater on the latter mountain ; the 

 distant view of Santa Maria is an exceptionally fine piece of work, 

 and shows the great rent in the side of the cone and the new crater. 



