174 Reviews — The South Wales Coalfield. 



The new memoir deals with incised drawings, chiefly of deer, in 

 a remote cave in the province of Bnrgos. Like many of the other 

 caves ornamented by Magdalenian man, it consists of little more 

 than irregular crevices in the Cretaceous limestone . and could 

 scarcely have been used as a habitation. Dr. Pacheco thinks that 

 the drawings were made there by the hunters merely under the 

 impression that they would have some mystic influence on their 

 success in the chase. Some of the deer seem to be represented as 

 pierced by arrows, and Dr. Pacheco publishes for comparison with 

 them a most remarkable incised drawing of a hunted deer lately 

 found in the cave of La Pena, in San lloman de Candamo, in 

 Asturias. This drawing is so extraordinary that- we venture to 

 reproduce it here. It shows the deer pierced by several arrows, 

 standing at bay, in evident distress, with protruded tongue. Of all 

 the drawings of game hitherto found in the Spanish and Erench 

 caves this is probably the most animated. The effect is even 

 enhanced by the skilful use of lines of shading, and we cannot but 

 admire the artistic powers of the old liunters who were able to 

 produce such work on irregular surfaces in dark recesses underground. 



A. S. W. 



E-EAT^IiE-V^S. 



Memoirs of the Geological Sukvey. 

 I. — The Geology of thk South Wales Coalfield. Part lY : The 



COITNTRY AEOtTND PoNTYPKIDD AND MaESTEG. By A. StEAHAN, 



r.R.S., R. H. Tiddkman, and W. Gibson. Second edition, revised 

 by W. Gibson and T. G. Cantrill. Memoirs of the Geological 

 Survey, 1917. pp. ix + 160. Price 3s. 6d. 

 rSlHIS memoir deals chiefly with the occurrence of the coal-seams 

 L in this area and their correlation, both at their outcrops and 

 in the sliafts of the mines, the character of the coals being described 

 in a separate memoir dealing with the whole of the coalfield. The 

 coal occurs mainly in the Lower Coal Series, but also to some extent 

 in the Pennant Series; the Upper Coal Series is only present in one 

 or two places in the area. Tlie higher coals are more bituminous 

 than the lower, and all the coals lose bituminous matter in a westerly 

 and north-westerly direction, as is common in South Wales, Since 

 the issue of the first edition numerous changes in the mines and 

 mining have taken place; for example, steam coals are now no longer 

 worked west of the Ogwr, while these coals are now being won from 

 deep shafts sunk through the Pennant Series north and north-west 

 of Llantrisant. Also the mining in the Ogwr and Avan valleys has 

 been considerably developed as a consequence of the building of 

 docks at Port Talbot, while the mining conditions of the Rhondda 

 valleys have altered but little. The memoir contains chapters 

 on the geological structure, the Mesozoic rocks, and the glacial 

 deposits. It is illustrated by figures and vertical sections showing 

 the correlation of the coal-seams, and is accompanied by a colour- 

 printed map (Sheet 248) on the scale of one mile to the inch, which 

 is a very good example of colour-printing. W. H. W. 



