362 Sir H. H. Howorth — Geological History of the Baltic. 



Again he continues, "Although I had come .to these conclusions 

 respecting the structure of Moeu in 1835 after devoting several days 

 in company with Dr. Forchhammer to its examination, I should have 

 hesitated to quote the spot as exemplifying convulsions on so grand 

 a scale of such extremely moderate date, had not the island been 

 since thoroughly investigated by a most able and reliable authority, 

 the Danish geologist, Professor Puggaard, who has published a series 

 of detailed sections of the cliff." Commenting on one of the sections 

 showing great contortions, Lyell says, "Where the cliff is 180 feet 

 high there is a sharp flexion shared equally by the chalk and the 

 incumbent drift. In each we observed a great fracture in the rocks, 

 with synclinal and anticlinal folds exhibiting in cliffs 300 feet high, 

 drift beds participating in all the bendings of the chalk." 



Near the northern end of Moen's Klint, at a place called Taler, more 

 than 300 feet high, are seen similar folds so sharp that there is an 

 appearance of four distinct alternations of the Glacial and Cretaceous 

 formations in vertical or highly inclined beds, the chalk at one part 

 bending over so that the position of all the beds is reversed. But the 

 most wonderful shiftings and faultinss of the beds are observable in 

 the Dronningestol, part of the same cliff, 400 feet in vertical height, 

 where the drift is thoroughly entangled, and raised up with the 

 dislocated chalk. Lyell comments on these facts and says, "It is 

 impossible to behold such effects of reiterated local movements, all 

 of post-Tertiary date, without reflecting that but for the accidental 

 presence of the stratified drift, all of which might easily (when there 

 has been so much denudation) have been missing, even if it had ever 

 existed, we might have referred the verticality and flexures and faults 

 of the rocks to an ancient period, such as the era between the Chalk 

 with flints and the Maestricht Chalk, or to the time of the latter 

 formation or to the Eocene or Miocene or older Pliocene eras " (Lyell, 

 Antiquity of Man, 4th ed., pp. 388-98). Not the least wonderful of 

 these dislocations is the height to which the chalk was thrown up in 

 some of the cliff sections. Those who are familiar with the similar 

 phenomena in Norfolk, which I have known well and commented on 

 for many years, will see how in every detail they repeat those of Moen 

 as here described by Lyell and which I have no doubt were caused in 

 precisely the same way and at the same time. 



It seems very probable, says Reclus, that having subsided Moen 

 was again raised above the waters. It is really composed of seven 

 distinct islets whose intervening channels have since been filled up. 

 In 1100 A.D. it still formed a group of three, and Borre (now lost 

 among the fens) stood on the beach in 1510, when a Lubeck fleet 

 anchored in front of the houses and burnt the place to the ground. 



Moen is a natural step to the island of Ilugen and the southern 

 coast of the Baltic. Here we meet with precisely the same kind of 

 chalk beds covered with drift, and torn and dislocated in the same 

 way and clearly at the same time. Reclus, in describing them, speaks 

 of " the rocky shores of Moen and the lofty headlands of Rugen for- 

 merly united but now separated by a strait 33 miles broad and 

 12 fathoms deep". Rugen, again, has its counterpart in the Baltic 

 coastlands near Stettin. 



