Sir H. H. Hoivorth — Geological History of the Baltic. 363 



Neumayr (in his JErdgeschichte, ii, 586-7), describing the Chalk 

 beds at Eugen and Stettin, speaks of the way in which diluvial soft 

 beds occur in masses detached from their matrix and transported 

 elsewhere; and of their being occluded in beds of the same age but of 

 different composition, with their internal laminae undisturbed, just as 

 we find them in Eastern England. In other places the strata are 

 largely crushed and squeezed and tossed about or faulted. ' ' Especially 

 notable," he says, "is the phenomenon which occurs in the case of 

 the deposits of white chalk on the shores of the Baltic as at Rugen 

 near Stettin and in other places of North Germany ; huge masses of 

 chalk have been here detached and planted in the midst of the boulder- 

 clay and have caused great disturbances in it. Thus Remele found 

 in the boulder formation at Stettin a huge slab {schallen) of chalk 

 almost 2 kilometres long, that is more than a mile long, and of the 

 thickness of 25 metres, embedded in the drift beds. He also came 

 across similar instances elsewhere." Neumayr speaks of the great 

 cliffs of chalk facing the sea at Rugen and much broken. These 

 breakages have only taken place in certain places ; while in others the 

 strata lie in their old horizontal position. Frequently there may be 

 seen great masses of chalk built up out of a congeries of confused chalk 

 lumps, while in many places the chalk masses rest on diluvial sand 

 clay and boulder-clay, or these latter have forced themselves between 

 the boulders of chalk. 



The latest authority on the Chalk of Northern Germany is 

 von Linstov of Berlin, whose paper entitled "Die Techtonik der 

 Kreide in Untergrunde von Stettin, etc." contains some valuable 

 materials for the elucidation of ^ the problem, since they consist 

 largely of borings and testings of the different exposures. In none of 

 these borings has the chalk in situ been pierced ; but in several 

 cases great masses of chalk proved to be true boulders lying in the 

 Drift like those of Norfolk. This was the case with the famous 

 great chalk boulder found at Erickenwalde in the middle of the last 

 century, and pronounced by Deeeke in his Geology of Pomerania to be 

 2 kilometres long and 34'41 metres thick. It was found to be 

 underlaid by boulder claj^, and what he calls glacio-fluviatile beds. 

 So with the great mass of chalk found at Katharinenhof, which was 

 of great size, thickness, and weight. A similar pair of great masses 

 Avas described by C. MuUer, one from Sparrenfelde, west of Stettin, 

 and the other from the exercise ground at Kreckof. These were 

 found when bored in 1898 to give the same result, namely, they 

 proved to be portentous boulders. 



Linstov (op. cit., 144) also gives profiles of numerous faults 

 occurring in the chalk of the same district. He discusses the date 

 when the great breakage occurred, and rejects as impossible the 

 notion that they were pre-Glacial, and like Credner, in Rugen, he 

 puts them between the so-called first glaciation and the second one, 

 that is, makes them post-Pliocene. 



The following table gives the details of other great masses of rock 

 occurring as boulders in the drift of chalk and Tertiery strata from 

 North Germany, which have been similarly tested: — 



