864 Sir H. H. Howorth — Geological History of the Baltic 



Geological Boeings in Stettin Disteict. 



Finkenwalde. 



GoUnof , north-east of Stettin. 



Ziillchof. 



Gartz. 



Stralsund. 



Gollenberg, near Koslin. 



East Diervinof . 



Treptov on the Eega. 



Fort Chernoy, near Sonnen- 



berg (Neumark). 

 Steinitten in Samland. 



Boulder of so-called chalk. 



Septaria clay. 



Boulder of Septaria clay. 



Boulder of Septaria clay. 



Boulder of chalk. 



Miocene and Oligocene. 



Senonian chalk. 



Boulder of Senonian Chalk. 



Miocene. 



Metres, 

 over 35 long 



about 100 



2-36-5 

 10-41 

 100 



about 100 

 10-27 

 31 

 65-8 



7-20 



Osterode in East Prussia. 

 Frankfort on the Oder. 



34 



4-80 



Under Oligocene, Miocene, and 

 Senonian. 



Miocene, Oligocene, and 

 Senonian. 



Miocene. 



According to Credner the drift beds overlying the broken and 

 dislocated chalk of E,ugen are divisible into two sets. One of thera, 

 the lower one, conformable with the chalk and which consists of two 

 greyish-blue boulder-clays, separated by bedded sands, and which 

 follow the fortunes of the chalk, and the other of certain boulder 

 clays, gravels, and sands which overlie the chalk nnconforroably and 

 disregard its contortions. It is possible that the latter may be part 

 of a secondary movement, which has since the great submergence in 

 the Southern Baltic reversed the process to a small extent and left 

 its traces in different places by certain later breaches at low levels. 



I now propose to say a few words about the exact parallel we have 

 in Britain to these Danish and German Chalk dislocations in the 

 disrupted chalk of Norfolk and elsewhere in England. The pheno- 

 mena are precisely the same in detail and belong,' so far as we can 

 judge, exactly to the same period, and were due to the same cause. 

 In England they have been made tlie pet toys of the Ultra-glacialists, 

 Especially of those of them who were entrusted with surveying 

 the surface beds of Eastern England, and who quite ignored these 

 northern parallels which have been so carefully examined and 

 exploited by German geologists with great ardour of recent years. 

 I may, perhaps, be permitted to recall some of the arguments 

 I adduced long ago against the notion that the dislocations in the 

 chalk of ISTorfolk and the disposition of their broken debris were the 

 handiwork of a hypothetical ice-sheet or of ice in any form, and were 

 really the results of tectonic rupture of the chalk. The proposed and 

 quite imaginary ice-sheet, the mode of production of which is 

 admittedly an unsolved riddle, is supposed to have crossed the North 

 Sea from Norway when that country must have been at a much 

 lower level, as I propose to show later, to have crossed the vast 

 submerged valley (then much deeper) which bounds Norway on the 

 west, and to have travelled hundreds of miles without any adequate 

 thrusting force from behind it: when therefore, if it moved at all, 

 it must have been by a necessarily very slow progression of its layers 

 over each other in the fashion of a plastic body with very little 

 plasticity, and with a vertically extinguished motion at its base. 

 In order to secure this, it must have been piled up to a portentous 



