Revieivs — Corundum in South Africa. 373 



IV. — Report on certain Minerals used in the Arts and 

 Industries. V. Corundum. By P. A. "Wagner. South 

 African Journal of Industries, vol. i, No. 9, pp. 776-97. 

 Pretoria, 1918. 



OWING- to the stoppage of tlie supplies of crude emery from 

 Turkey and Greece the demand for the purer forms of corundum 

 has greatly increased, especially as the better qualities are much 

 more satisfactory in use, and are now very largely employed in 

 munition-making. None of the artificial substitutes are found in 

 practice to give such good results for the finer kinds of work and for 

 specially hard materials. The output of South African corundum 

 for the year 1917 amounted to 2,628 tons, so that the Union is now 

 the largest producer of any country in the world. At the present 

 time the corundum is mainly derived from surface deposits of one 

 kind or another: gravels, more or less cemented conglomerates and 

 boulders of disintegration : its original home is, however, undoubtedly 

 in the gneisses and schists of the Swaziland series, where it is 

 associated with a typical assemblage of metamorphic minerals, while 

 the rocks are traversed by pegmatite dykes and veins : corundum 

 is sometimes found in these also. The crystals are often very large, 

 up to 10 inches in length by 5 inches in diameter. They are 

 remarkably free from inclusions, and hence very pure samples can be 

 obtained. 



The chief corundum fields at present known are in the Zoutpansberg 

 and Leydsdorp districts in the Northern Transvaal ; some considerable 

 deposits are also known in Little Namaqualand, while less important 

 occurrences are numerous. This industry appears to have a promising 

 future. 



R. H. R. 



V. — Flint Implements in Suffolk. 

 On some Human and Animal Eones, Flint Implements, etc., 



DISCOVERED IN TWO ANCIENT OcCUPATION-LEVELS IN A SMALL VaLLEY 



NEAR Ipswich. Bv J. Reid Moir. Journ. Roy. Anthrop. Inst., 

 vol. xlvii, pp. 367-412, pis. xv, xvi, 1917. 

 The Ancient Flint Implements of Suffolk. By J. Reid Moir. 

 Proc. Suffolk Inst. Archseol. and Nat. Hist., vol. xvi, pp. 1-38, 

 1917. 



FOR two years Mr. Reid Moir had under close observation two 

 well-marked occupation-levels in the deposits covering the sides 

 of a small valley near Ipswich. A grant from the Percy Sladen 

 Memorial Fund provided him with the requisite labour to make 

 careful excavations. We now welcome his results, published in 

 detail with numerous beautiful illustrations of the flint implements 

 and other discoveries. 



On the lower floor examined were found numerous bones of stag, 

 roe dee-r, ox, pig, goat, and horse, besides some doubtful traces of 

 mammoth and Irish deer. There were also three human bones, 

 indistinguishable from those of modern man. The associated flint 

 implements are of late Mousterian type, and there are also frngmeuts 



