Robert Campbell — South- Eastern Kincardineshire. 69 



and probably occupies the same horizon as a limestone which has been 

 mapped by H.M. Geological Survey for several miles in the Plain of 

 Strathmore. 



Fossils have been collected from four horizons. The above- 

 mentioned limestone has yielded plant fragments, while in the 

 associated red flagstones worm -tracks have been observed. In a series 

 of grey and greenish sandstones and mudstones in Den of Morphie, 

 Parka decipiens occurs in great abundance, along with Kampecaris 

 forfarensis and fragments of Pterygotus anglicus. The sandstones at 

 Three Wells Quarry, near Bervie, separated from the above 

 fossiliferous beds by a thick series of hypersthene and augite 

 andesites, have yielded specimens of Cephalaspis Lyelli. From the 

 grey sandstones in Strathlethan Bay, which immediately overlie the 

 lowest quartzite conglomerate, specimens of Parka sp. have been 

 obtained. 



Evidence of prolonged volcanic activity is found in the great 

 development of lavas, tuffs and agglomerates, and hypabyssal 

 intrusions. The lavas include one flow of rhyolite and at least two 

 of hornblende-biotite andesite. The predominating types, however, 

 are basic, and consist of hypersthene andesites, augite andesites, and 

 basalts. The tuffs are all acid in character. The hypabyssal 

 intrusions of presumably Lower Old Bed Sandstone age include quartz 

 porphyries, porphyrites, lamprophyres, and dolerites. 



The main structural feature is a continuation of the well-known 

 synclinal fold of Strathmore. In the area to the west of Elfhill, 

 however, there is a tendency to set up a steep-limbed anticline 

 pitching out to the south-west against the Highland fault. The 

 southern limb of the syncline is traversed by numerous powerful 

 dip faults. 



Upper Old Bed Sandstone. 



In the neighbourhood of St. Cyrus on the Kincardineshire coast 

 there is an outlier belonging to the Upper Old Bed Sandstone Series. 

 Although no fossils so far have been recorded, the type of sedimenta- 

 tion leaves no doubt as to the age of these rocks. Their junction 

 with the Lower Old Bed Sandstone Series is shown on the Survey 

 maps as a natural boundary. In his description of the coast section 

 Mr. George Hickling l has pointed out that the southern boundary is 

 a fault, and he suggests that the northern boundary either is a fault 

 or the Upper Series is banked up against an old cliff of the Lower. 

 It has been found that the former supposition is the correct one. 



Dykes later than Old Bed Sandstone. 



A number of quartz dolerite dykes have been mapped which have 

 a general east-north-east and west-south-west trend. They are of the 

 same type as the widely distributed east and west dykes of the 

 central valley of Scotland. 



1 Geol. Mag., Dec. V, Vol. V, p. 405, 1908. 



