Reviews — Swedish Geological Survey. 421 



Calciferous Sandstone in the East Kilbride district, where a Pendleside 

 fauna, with Posidonomya Becker i, Pterinopecten papyraceus, and other 

 species, has been discovered. 



III. — Swedish Geological Survey. 

 A Swedish Pre-Glacial River. 



IN the recentlv issued Year Book of the Swedish Geological Survey 

 for 1910, Dr. Nils Olof Hoist, under the title " Alnarps-Floden 

 en Svensk ' Cromer- Flod' ", publishes an account of a large river 

 of pre-Glacial age, which he believes to have run right across 

 the southern part of Scania in a N.W.-S.E. direction, serving as 

 the outlet for a large part of the southern Baltic and of northern 

 Germany, and thus playing much the same part as the Sound and 

 the Belts do now. This river-bed, which runs not far from the 

 town of Malmo, is filled with thick river deposits and forms a natural 

 water-basin of artesian character. Therefore, for the purposes of 

 Malmo's water supply, the deposits have been pierced by a large 

 number of borings, and, especially of recent years, a large amount of 

 information has been collected concerning them and their included 

 fossils. The paper gives a detailed account of the sections found at 

 different borings, as well as a complete list of fossils. The general 

 conclusion is that the main river deposit is of about the same age as 

 the Cromer forest-bed and a little later than the Cyprina clay of 

 northern Germany. These deposits are very rich in amber, which 

 seems to show that the river must have come from the home of amber 

 in the province of East Prussia. In this case it must have flowed 

 over the region where the southern Baltic now is, and that region 

 must then have been in the main dry land. The various changes of 

 level to which the observed phenomena point are thus summarized by 

 Dr. Hoist: "The ice period was preceded and introduced by an 

 elevation of the primitive Scandinavian massif, correlated with a 

 depression where the southern Baltic now lies. It was during this 

 depression period that the Cyprina clay was deposited. During the 

 next stage, after the inland ice had been piled up in northern Sweden 

 and perhaps also over part of middle Sweden, this ice exercised such 

 a pressure on the primitive massif that the whole region outside of it, 

 that is to say, southern Sweden and northern Germany, was pressed 

 up. This is the Cromer period or the pre-glacial, north European, 

 mainland period. It was then that the pre-glacial rivers hollowed 

 out and filled their beds. Finally, when the inland ice approached 

 the southern Baltic, there took place here a fresh depression, and for 

 a short period an arm of the sea stretched in again light up to East 

 Prussia, to be speedily covered up by the still ever-advancing ice. It 

 was in this gulf that the pre-glacial Yoldia clay of Prussia was 

 deposited. In the same way, as the inland ice retreated from the 

 southern Baltic district, there occurred first a depression, the late 

 glacial, corresponding to the previously mentioned pre-glacial; then an 

 elevation, the well-known post-glacial, the mainland period of northern 

 Europe; and finally the last depression, that of the Litorina period 

 corresponding to the pre-glacial Cyprina clay period." Dr. Hoist 



