522 Reviews — Flint Implements of Sub- Crag Man. 



rocks, quartzites, and quartzose conglomerates associated with the 

 Franklin Limestone. 



The chief ores worked are the Magnetic ores or Magnetite-hearing 

 rocks, and these are associated either with the white or grey crystalline 

 limestone or marble of the Franklin formation, or with the gneisses 

 and pegmatites. It is inferred that these latter are the younger, and 

 were intruded into the Franklin formation. 



The production of iron-ore was estimated at 10,000 tons in 1790 ; 

 the largest yield, 932,762 tons, was in 1882; and in 1908 the yield 

 was 432,566 tons, almost entirely magnetic iron-ore. 



The volume is accompanied by two geological maps (scale 1 inch 

 to a mile) of the eastern and western sections of the New Jersey 

 Highlands, showing the distribution of the principal types of Pre- 

 Cambrian rocks and the localities of iron-ore deposits. 



II. — Prehistoric Society of Ea^t Anglia. 



TF1HE first part of the Proceedings of this Society for 1908-10 has 

 X lately been issued (H. K. Lewis, 136 Gower Street, W.C., 1911, 

 price 3s. 6d. net), under the editorship of the Honorary Secretary, 

 Mr. W. G. Clarke. 



Among other articles it contains a paper on " The Flint Implements 

 of Sub-Crag Man ", by Mr. J. Re id Moir. He claims to have found 

 "definitely well- worked flints (which are far in advance of the 

 Kentian Eoliths) in their true stratigraphical position below Crag ". 

 The deposit in question is that grouped by Mr. F. W. Harmer as the 

 Newbournian zone of the Red Crag. The flints have been found under 

 shelly crag, 13 feet and more in thickness, at Greenwich Farm and 

 the Black Hamlet, Ipswich, and at Thorington Hall, Wherstead. 

 Mr. Whitaker, Dr. Marr, and Professor Watts visited the Thorington 

 Hall pit with Mr. Moir and pronounced the strata to be in situ. In 

 another section, at the Brickyard of Messrs. Bolton and Laughlin 

 north of Christchurch Park, Ipswich, worked flints were found on 

 a surface of London Clay beneath a basement stone-bed or the Red 

 Crag, with phosphatic nodules, bones of whale, mastodon, etc. Here, 

 again, Mr. Whitaker and Dr. Marr express the opinion that the 

 stone-bed "is the undisturbed base of the Red Crag". The London 

 Clay below and in other parts of the pit exhibits much contortion and 

 some evidence of thrust-planes, and the same authorities admit that 

 the disturbances are due to ice-action, " although no such disturbance 

 has affected the relative position of the London Clay, the Crag, and 

 the Glacial Drift." The carefully drawn diagram by Mr. George 

 Slater, however, does not lend support to this view, as a portion of the 

 basement crag is represented as incorporated with the Boulder Drift. 

 We are not, therefore, surprised to read that Professor Bonney came 

 to the conclusion that the Crag deposits in the brickyard " are not 

 in situ, but owe their present position to later geological disturbances ". 

 It is noteworthy that on the surfaces of the sub-crag flints there are 

 striatums attributed by Mr. Moir to ice-action, and he concludes that 

 we iuay have " to recognize a glaciation in early Pliocene or pre- 

 Pliocene times ". 



