Obituary — Edward Whymper. 525 



simply chipped flints. The author mentions that he has "found some 

 in the Crag, London Clay, Reading Eeds, and in the Chalk below 

 them ". From his descriptions we can form no opinion with regard to 

 the particular flints found in Lake Lothing. Great part of the 

 pamphlet is taken up with a discussion on topographic changes and 

 the etymology of local names. 



3. At the meeting of the Lake Superior Mining Institute, held on 

 August 22, 1911, a paper on " A Diamond Drill Core-Section of the 

 Mesabi Pocks ", in Minnesota, was read by Professor N. H. Winchell, 

 of Minneapolis. 



In the Proceedings of the Institute for the years 1908-10 the 

 author presented evidence to show that in Minnesota volcanic igneous 

 rock composes a large proportion of the strata usually termed 

 ' Animikie ', which also specifically may be designated Mesabi. 



In 1899, towards the close of the Minnesota Geological Survey, 

 some evidence of the nature of the iron-bearing rocks of the Mesabi 

 range was met with, and it was presented in the final report (vol. v), 

 where its purport was fully set forth. It was suggested that if 

 a careful examination were to be made of the rocks of the Animikie, 

 it might be found that detritus from igneous rocks was an important 

 element in their composition. Reviewing what he wrote twelve years 

 ago as to the igneous nature of the rock from which the Mesabi ore 

 was derived, the author expresses satisfaction with the conclusions to 

 which he then came, and now reaffirms and strengthens them, with 

 the new evidence. 



4. A !New Method of Coast Surveying is described by Dr. John 

 Ball (Ministry of Finance, Egypt: Survey Departmental Paper, 

 ISTo. 21, 1911). The plan is to determine by triangulation the position 

 of a relatively small number of stations on mountains or hills near the 

 coast, and then by means of a theodolite and observation of the 

 direction and depression angle to fix the position of sundry points 

 on the coast. The necessary complex computations have been so far 

 modified by the author that he has been able to make rapid progress 

 with surveys, and he gives full particulars of his new method in the 

 present work. 



OBITUAEY. 



EDWARD WHYMPER, F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S. 

 Born April 27, 1840. Died September 16, 1911. 



"We regret to announce the death of this well-known mountaineer, 

 author, and explorer, on September 16, at Chamonix, in the midst 

 of the peaks, passes, and glaciers with which, for more than fifty 

 years, he had been so familiar and had so vividly portrayed in his 

 sketches and descriptions. In early life Edward Whymper was for 

 many years associated with his father and brother in Lambeth as 

 one of the well-known firm of Whymper and Sons, wood-engravers, 

 who flourished as high-class book illustrators in the pre-process 



