Rev. R. Ashington Bullen—AHolian Deposits at Etel. I] 
high-water mark. At any rate, one thing seems certain, viz., that 
the pea-sized gravel is not being added to by wind or wave at the 
present time, nor for a long time past. At the same time it is well to 
mention that the pebbles of the Raised Beach ( x) stand directly on 
the bare granulite and are not underlain by the pea-gravel, though 
this may only be because so much of the foreshore of the Raised Beach 
has been destroyed by erosion. 
§ 7. The pea-gravel and blown-sand rise in terraces, commencing 
above the coarse sand of the sea-front, in the various stages of con- 
solidation which are roughly indicated by the accompanying section 
(Diagram, Text-fig. 4). 
ae 
Ro 
“ 
i & 
8 Se) a as 
2 SS Ss 
§ g Sse oss 
Sw IS BSIRH LSE 
SS.8 3 5e8as —s 
SES 20 SSys se Aasae 
) Yss RSS Q 
cE aes Verses 
9 fee 
> 858 S 
§ eae Tor &ft 
x Zi a Fi 
‘on oreshore 
Fie. 4. Diagram of terraces at mouth of river, left bank. (For relative positions 
see Diagram, Text-fig. 3, p. 10.) 
The plant which bears the brunt of the storm nearest the sea-front 
on the first terrace about 7 or 8 feet above high-water mark, is 
a Crucifer, Cakile maritima, Scopoli. I counted thirty-seven clumps 
of this hardy plant. The next terrace, about 9 feet higher, is occupied 
by seaside cotton weed, Diotes maritima, Coss.; chamomile, Matricaria 
tnodora, var. maritima, L.; sea-spurge, Huphorbia paralias, L.; asmaller 
species of spurge, EK. peplis, L. They occurred in the order named as 
to precedence, though they were, of course, mixed together in the rear. 
Behind these there occurs a small depression, at a much lower level, 
containing brackish water, probably at sea-level, and about 150 yards 
from the sea-margin. The salt water would be able to filter in through 
the intervening sand and the depression would also act as a soak for 
fresh water from the dunes. The shells that occurred in the saline 
pond were Natica catena and Cardium tuberculatum principally. 
Behind the second terrace and up its slope seaside cotton weed was 
in great abundance, the marram grass, Ammophila arenaria, Link,’ 
only commencing to appear on this third terrace, at a height of 25 feet 
or so above high-water mark. With the marram grass were associated 
the above-named spurges, and also bedstraw, Galium arenarium, Loisel ; 
Ranunculus ficaria, L. (lesser celandine); thrift, Armeria maritima, 
Willdenow ; and a dwarf rose, from 1 to 4 inches high, osa 
pimpinellifolia, Loisel. 
1 Coste, Flore de la France, iii, p. 562. 
