Rev. R. Ashington Bullen—Holian Deposits at Etel. 18 
wind. Quite large bundles of seaweed were observed rolling along 
the surface of the sand, and probably here we have an explanation of 
the fertility of the dunes in their own peculiar flora, and also of the 
presence of even large sea-shells on them, which shells, entangled in 
the masses of dryish seaweed would be easily transported inland and 
rolled upward. This would be especially easy on the sand-dunes of 
the left bank, between the falaises (or sea cliffs, granulite capped with 
sand) and the pea-gravel beach, since the slope here down to the 
Riviére d’Etel is a very gentle one, for it does not rise in the bluff 
terraces that characterize the sea-front. 
§ 9. The materials that are triturated on the seashore or by the 
moving sand to yield the calcic portion of the sand-dunes are derived 
from marine Mammalia, Pisces, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Crustacea, 
and other flotsam and jetsam stranded on the shore. In October last 
two skulls of freshly dead Delphinus delphis,’ and a complete Phocena 
communis,’ whole fishes of the genus tunny, the ‘germon’ Z’hynnus 
alalonga, were there in August last, and their bones in abundance in 
October. Crabs of the genus Portunus were also in evidence, and of 
echinoderms Strongylocentrotus lividus and an embryonic heart-urchin 
were not uncommon. 
Mr. R. Holland has kindly examined the sea-sand submitted to him 
for foraminifera, and reports as follows: ‘‘ A prolonged search has 
resulted in the discovery of a few milioline only (probably JZ. semz- 
nulum, Linné). They are very poor specimens, and I have not come 
across a trace of any other genus of foraminifera. Besides the numerous 
mollusean shells I have noticed a few worm-tubes, one or two ostracod 
valves, a few echinoderm spines, and some very doubtful fragments 
of bryozoa.” s 
The marine molluscan fauna of Ktel resembles that of Weymouth 
in most respects. I give a list of species that I was able to collect. 
Those most abundant belonged to the Sepiide, Cardiide, Donacide, 
Mactride, Cypreeidee, Cerithide, Veneride, and Mytilide. Ostrea edulis, 
Pecten maximus, and Venus verrucosa were almost entirely represented 
by old valves, much bored by Cliona perforans, such material being 
easily broken by the pounding action of the waves. ‘These old shells 
are brought in from seaward. ‘This is an important point when we 
consider the sand-dunes as encroaching on the sea, since the sea is 
adding to the land from its own resources. 
CEPHALOPODA. G. cineraria, L. 
Sepia officinalis, L. Phasianella pullus (L.). 
S. rupellaria, D’ Orb. Scala communis, Lam. 
S. clathratula (Adams). 
GaASTEROPODA. Natica catena (Da C.). 
Patella vulgata, L. N. alderi, Forbes. 
Helcion pellucidum (L.). Littorina littorea (L.). 
Fissurella reticulata, Don. L. littoralis, L. 
Calliostoma zizyphinus, I. LI. rudis, Maton. 
C. exasperata, Penn. Rissoa costata, Adams. 
Gibbula wmbilicata, Mont. R. costulata, Alder. 
G. twmida, Mont. R. parva, Da C. 
1 Perhaps these should be excluded as they were probably killed by fishermen, but 
they show the possibility of such material floating ashore. 
