Aion ASAT, Finlayson—Ore-bearing Pegmatites of Carrock Fell. 
in quartz-veins with fluorspar and wollastonite, in metamorphic 
Silurian limestone penetrated by quartz-porphyry.' These and other 
deposits where contact metamorphism has clearly been operative, are 
related to the other types here considered, and their mode of formation 
has been merely a local accident. 
5. Normal Fissure-veins.—Tungsten-ores are abundant in quartz- 
veins and allied deposits with sulphides and gold-ores. In the first 
place, there are many occurrences which show mineralogical transi- 
tions from the tin-tourmaline type. Examples of these are the quartz- 
veins in granite at New Ross, Lunenburg, N.S., where scheelite and 
cassiterite occur with iron and copper sulphides ;* and in the Moose 
River district, Halifax, N.S., where scheelite occurs in gold-quartz 
veins with arsenopyrite and some tourmaline. In the New England 
district of New South Wales, wolframite and scheelite occur in veins 
with cassiterite, bismuth-ores, and molybdenite im a greisen,’ an 
occurrence which should perhaps be classed as pneumatolytic. The 
Cook and Cape Yorke district of Queensland shows a marked associa- 
tion of gold-tungsten-tin ores; and in the important Herberton and 
Hodgkinson districts of Queensland, the wolframite is associated with 
molybdenite and bismuth-ores. Near Maunda, east of Nagpur, in 
India, wolframite occurs in a gold district, in bedded quartz-veins in 
mica- and tourmaline-schists.1 At the Panasquiera mines, in the 
province of Beira Baixa, Portugal, wolframite is found in quartz- 
veins with cassiterite, specularite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and mica.’ 
Near Tirpersdorf in the Saxon Voigtland, veins in the contact-zone 
of a granite boss carry wolframite with molybdenite and tourmaline.® 
In the Predazzo district of the Southern Tyrol, veins associated with 
the post-Triassic intrusions carry scheelite, with copper-ores, fluorspar, 
arsenopyrite, and tourmaline.’ Many of these occurrences are more 
closely related to the pneumatolytic type, but they illustrate the 
impossibility, owing to the transitions, of drawing sharp dividing 
lines between one type and another. 
Turning to more normal types, these are common all over the 
world, and comprise some of the most valuable tungsten deposits. 
The ore—wolframite, hiibnerite, or scheelite—occurs in a quartz 
gangue, with the commoner sulphides, and nearly always some gold. 
In Spain, the deposits of La Sorpresa, in the province of Cordoba, 
consist of quartz-veins carrying wolframite and scheelite in granite 
and in the adjoming slate.* In the Cagliari district of Sardinia, 
scheelite occurs in quartz-veins with stibnite, a sulphide which is 
frequently associated with this ore.? The tungsten-ores of Canada 
BON H. Twelvetrees & G. A. Waller, Tasmanian Government Geological Reports, 
1 , ete. 
2 E. R. Faribault, Sum. Reps. Geol. Surv. Canada, 1908, p. 169. 
Bull. Imp. Inst., London, 1909, vii, No. 2. 
L. Leigh Fermor, Recs. Geol. Surv. India, 1908, xxxvi, p. 301. 
Mineral Industry tor 1906, xv, p. 747. 
R. Beck, Zeits. fiir prakt. Geol., 1907, xv, p. 37. 
J. Block, Sitzwngsber. der Niederrheinischen Geselisch. fir Natur- und Heilkunde 
zu Bonn, 1905, p. A, 68. 
8 Mineral Industry for 1906, xv, p. 747. 
9 Domenico J.ovisato, Atti della Reale Academia dei Lincci, 1907, ser. v, Xvi, 
Rendiconti, p. 632. 
am Uo e WH tb 
