A. WM. Finlayson—Ore-bearing Pegmatites of Carrock Fell. 27 
have been described by T. L. Walker. The normal quartz-veins are 
well developed in Beauce Co., Quebec,” in various parts of the Nova 
Scotian gold-belt, and in the Cariboo and Kootenay districts of British 
Columbia. in all these occurrences the tungsten-ore is found in 
quartz-veins with gold or in gold districts. In the northern Black 
Hills of South Dakota, wolframite occurs in a zone of refractory 
siliceous gold-ores, formed by replacement of crystalline dolomite.* 
At Lane’s mine, Monroe, Conn., quartz-veins carry wolframite, often 
pseudomorphous after scheelite, together with native bismuth, pyrite, 
galena, etc. In the Snake Range, White Pine Co.,° and at Osceola,® 
both in the State of Nevada, hiibnerite occurs with scheelite in quartz- 
veins in granite. In Boulder Co., Colorado, wolframite is abundant 
in quartz-veins in a district of auriferous sulphide and telluride ores.’ 
In Arizona, wolfram-ores occur throughout the gold-belt.6 Important 
occurrences are in the Whetstone Mountains® and the Dragoon 
Mountains,’ Cochise Co. In the latter district the ore is chiefly 
hiibnerite. At Julcani, in Peru, wolframite occurs in gold-quartz 
veins in diorite.!! In Western Australia, scheelite is found at Ravens- 
thorpe, in the Phillips River Goldfield, at Kalgoorlie, and in other 
- gold districts. In New South Wales, scheelite is abundant in quartz- 
veins in and near the granite intrusions of the Cordilleran Goldfield, 
notably at Hillgrove, where the veins also carry scheelite.’ In New 
Zealand, scheelite is common in the gold-quartz veins of the Otago 
goldfield, while stibnite is another common ore in that region. The 
Otago district is one of Paleozoic slates and schists, devoid of igneous 
intrusions to which the ores might be related, but the gold-tungsten 
zone clearly belongs to the same province as the gold-belt of Eastern 
Australia. In concluding this survey of the occurrence of wolfram- 
ores, mention should be made of the common occurrence of stolzite as 
a subordinate mineral in lead-veins, and, similarly, of cupro-tungstite 
with other copper-ores. 
Conclusions.—It has been seen how tungsten may be followed 
through all stages of ore-deposition from the original magma, without 
any breaks in the sequence. It appears first in pyrogenetic minerals, 
and passes then through the different phases of pegmatites, which 
represent the end-products of the differentiated magma, and contain 
concentrations of the rarer metallic oxides. It next appears in the 
pneumatolytic veins, the first of the after-effects of the intrusion, and 
passes progressively from these, where it is associated with tin and 
1 «© Tungsten-ores of Canada’’: Dept. of Mines, Ottawa, 1909. 
2 A. R. C. Selwyn, Rep. Geol. Surv. Canada, 1893, v, p. 74 44. 
3 'T. L. Walker, loc. cit. sup., pp. 36 et seqq. 
4 J. D. Irving, Prof. Paper No. 26, U.S. Geol. Surv., 1904, p. 169. 
> F. B. Weeks, Bull. 340, U.S. Geol. Surv., 1908, p. 265. 
6 Fred D. Smith, Eng. and Min. Journ., 1902, Ixxvi, p. 304. 
7 Waldemar Lindgren, Ec. Geol., 1907, ii, p. 453. 
8 Forbes Rickard, Eng. and Min. Journ., 1904, Ixxviil, p. 263. 
® F. L. Hess, Bull. 380, U.S. Geol. Surv., 1909, p. 164. 
10 W. P. Blake, Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Eng., 1899, xxviii, p. 543. 
1 , A. V. de Habich, Geol. Centralb., 1907, 1x, i, p. 9 (Abstr.). 
12 EK. BF. Pittman, Mineral Resources of N.S.W., Sydney, 1901, and Bull. Imp. 
Tnst., 1909, vii, No. 2. 
13 A, M. Finlaysor, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 1907, xl, p. 110; 1908, xl, p. 64. 
