Brief Notices, 91 
of erosion and sedimentation by ice agencies. Finally he deals briefly 
_with changes in life, which apart from mammals have been insigni- 
ficant, observing that even among mammals it is not clear that the 
dying-out of species in one locality was contemporaneous with the 
disappearance of the same species in other localities. 
Mr. Stuart Weller contributes the ‘‘ Description of a Permian 
Crinoid Fauna from Texas”, and Mr. 8. W. Williston gives an account 
of ‘* New or little-known Permian Vertebrates”’, with the description 
of a new genus of amphibian, named Zrematops Miller. 
2. Puiriprins Istanps.—Dr. Warren D. Smith has issued a report 
on Lhe Mineral Resources of the Philippine Islands (Bureau of Science, 
Manila, 1909). He regards the future results of mining as promising. 
The gold production from lodes, decomposed rocks, and placer deposits 
rose in value from about £20,000 in 1907 to £50,000 in 1908. Coal, 
worked on Batan Island, amounts to 130 tonsa day. ‘There is a good 
deal of ironzore, but at present there is only one furnace in operation, 
and this is owned and worked by a Filipina woman. Limestone 
and shale suitable for cement occur; and there are indications of 
petroleum, kaolin, manganese ore, and copper. Artesian water has 
been obtained in the great plain of Luzon. 
3. GuotocicaL Survey or Canapa.—Among publications issued in 
1909 by, the Canadian Department of Mines, we have received a report 
by Mr. D. B. Dowling on Zhe Coal-fields of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, 
Alberta, and Eastern British Columbia. The coal is found on three 
‘4listinct horizons in the Cretaceous, separated by shales of marine origin. 
The lowest horizon is at the base of the system, and is considered to 
be Cretaceous from its flora. It lies just above the Fernie Shale, 
which is regarded as Jurassic. ‘The coals include anthracite, 
bituminous coal, and lignite, and the author estimates that there 
is a total quantity of more than 143 thousand million tons in the 
provinces described. 
In another report Mr. R. G. McConnell describes ‘‘ The Whitehorse 
Copper Belt, Yukon Territory”. The belt, as at present determined, 
extends for a distance of about 12 miles, and the principal ore bodies 
occur in limestone adjoining granite. The important economic 
minerals are the copper sulphides, bornite, and chalcopyrite ; and they 
are associated in some cases with magnetite and hematite, in other 
cases with garnet, augite, and tremolite. : 
We have also received a useful Catalogue of Publications of the 
Geological Survey, Canada, revised to January 1, 1909. 
4. Mining Macazine.—We have received a copy of the Dhning 
Magazine for November, 1909, being No. 3 of vol.i. Although it deals 
essentially with the practical applications of geology, with mining 
and metallurgy, with companies, investments and speculations, and 
with problems of labour, it also contains reviews of books, and many 
miscellaneous paragraphs of scientifie as well as economic interest. 
Some remarks are made on the British Radium Corporation, formed to 
work the pitchblende in the Trenwith Mine in Cornwall, and doubt is 
expressed whether it is a sound commercial undertaking. 
