Reports and Proceedings—Mineralogical Society. 137 
Ore-deposition- has persisted over a vertical range of 5000 to 
6000 feet, of which over one-half has been shorn off by denudation. 
The effects of secondary processes have been exerted to depths of over 
600 feet. The main points in the work are supported by field- 
observations, and by the results of microscopic and chemical research. 
3. ‘“*The Vertebrate Fauna found in the Cave-Earth at Dog Holes, 
Warton Crag (Lancashire).”” By John Wilfrid Jackson, F.G.S., 
Assistant Keeper in the Manchester Museum. 
The remains described in this communication were cbtained during 
the systematic investigation by the author of a cave on Warton Crag 
(West Lancashire) in 1909. 
The cave, known as Dog Holes, is situated on the western side of 
Warton Crag, and opens on a sloping ‘pavement’ of limestone. It 
owes its origin to the erosion of a series of master-joints in the 
Carboniferous Limestone. 
The present entrance to the cave is by a vertical drop from the 
general level of the ‘pavement’. This entrance is undoubtedly of 
secondary origin, and is due to the falling-in of the weakened roof of 
one of the passages. 
The specimens were derived from the cave-earth below the ates. 
soil in one of the chambers of the cave. They comprise a large series 
of small vertebrates, including Rodents, Insectivores, Amphibians, 
Birds, ete. Among the Rodents are some interesting forms, the chief of 
which are the Arctic and Norwegian Lemmings and the Northern Vole. 
A large series of non-marine Mollusca was found along with these 
remains, one species being of particular interest, namely Pyramidula 
ruderata, only known in this country by its fossil remains in Pleisto- 
cene deposits. 
The Pleistocene age of the remains is fully discussed, as well as 
their possible mode of origin through a former swallow-hole. 
In many respects the cave and its contents bear a striking 
resemblance to the famous Ightham Fissures. 
February 9, 1910.—Professor W. J. Sollas, LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S., 
President, in the Chair. 
Dr. Douglas Mawson, B.Sc., B.E., Lecturer in Mineralogy in the 
University of Adelaide (South Australia), delivered a lecture entitled 
‘‘With Sir Ernest Shackleton in the Antarctic”, illustrated by 
lantern-slides. 
The President proposed and Sir Archibald Geikie seconded a vote 
of thanks to the Lecturer, which was adopted with acclamation and 
suitably acknowledged. 
TI.—MdInERALOGICAL Society. 
January 25.—Professor W. J. Lewis, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. 
Dr. 8. J. Shand: On a group of minerals formed by the combustion 
of pyritous shales in Midlothian. At the Emily Coal-pit, Arniston, as 
the result of the slow combustion of a heap of shaly refuse, whith 
became spontaneously ignited, presumably owing to the evolution of 
