180 Reviews— Professor Suess’ The Face of the Earth. 
is made in the present book, together with an index to the complete 
work. Without the index casual reference has been almost impossible, 
as the reader is confronted so often with new terms that a long search 
may have to be made before the explanations can be found. 
We are taken round the world again and again in different portions 
of the work, when the author is dealing with the movements and 
foldings of particular ages, or with diverse types of scenery; and 
throughout the work, as we have already noted, there are disquisitions 
on many other subjects of wide interest, palzeontological, lithological, 
and stratigraphical. ‘ 
In treating of ‘‘The Depths” the author discusses the subject of 
Vadose and Juvenile waters: the former being the surface, ground, 
and artesian waters; the latter being those formed during volcanic 
eruptions, from hydrogen derived from the earth’s interior combining 
with oxygen in the atmosphere. ‘‘ Thus with every volcanic eruption 
the quantity of vadose water present on the earth’s surface is 
increased.”’ 
The subject leads on to the origin of volcanoes, of ore-deposits, and 
diamond-pipes, and is followed by some account of the origin of the 
moon and the consequences of the occurrence of ‘‘ invisible mountains”’ 
beneath the earth’s surface, and the deflexion of the plummet: topics 
which we can only thus briefly mention. 
On the subject of zones and sediments there are many observations 
of interest in connexion with contemporaneous sediments which differ 
lithologically and paleontologically in different areas; but this matter 
is not free from special, and not always very familiar, terms. Thus we 
are told (p. 151) that ‘‘ purely heteropic heterotopy, i.e. a difference 
between contemporaneous formations at places remote from one 
another, always implies the existence of transitions”. Further on 
we read: ‘In most cases, it is true, the sediment and the fauna 
change simultaneously, and it is this holisopy which facilitates the 
delimitation of the stages in nature.’”? Remarks are made on the 
occurrence of perfectly white sediments in limestone formations, 
sediments devoid of the terrigenous element, and distinguished by an 
unusual abundance of organic remains. Again, we read of a stage in 
the Lias which, like that of Schlotheimia marmorata, for example, is 
only represented by a frequently interrupted crust of brown iron ore ; 
a statement which reminds us of J. F. Blake’s remark on a particular 
Ammonite zone which was locally so thin that there was no room in 
it for the zonal species. 
The highly interesting researches of Professor H. 8. Williams on 
the Devonian zones in North America and the interdigitation of 
different marine faunas receive attention. 
In the concluding chapter, after mentioning that ‘“‘ we know 
nothing of the origin of life”’, the author discusses the distribution 
of plants and animals and climatic changes, and points out that the 
view of the permanence of oceanic basins is untenable. The incoming 
of new faunas in areas not subject to great physical disturbances is 
also dealt with, and the author describes certain ‘‘ places of refuge ’’, 
remarking: ‘‘If, however, we consider carefully the actual surface of 
the earth, we shall perceive that there are tracts in which terrestrial 
