HAL Martin— Brighton Chiff Formation. 291 
chalk which bounded the small bay in which the ‘ Elephant Bed’ of 
Mantell had been laiddown. ‘The raised beach here gradually ascended 
and formed a bank resting against the chalk, and the appearance 
it exhibited was so distinct that there could be no doubt that the 
utmost limit of the formation was shown. The lines of stratification 
dipping at various angles to the west were clearly apparent until 
reaching a point 100 yards westward, where another and larger bank 
of shingle had been formed, but at a lower level. West of this the 
strata were so indistinct as to render it almost impossible to say with 
exactness how the greater number of lines of stratification proceeded. 
Being subjected to many currents they would appear in all directions 
and at all dips, supposing that the weight of the overlying strata were 
sufficient to emphasize current-bedding. At the foot of the Rubble- 
drift, where the raised beach was exposed in a horizontal position, the 
thickness of the beach varied from 4 to 5 feet, which was a greater 
thickness than was to be seen when [I visited the cliff in October, 1892. 
As the cliff had worn backward the raised beach had increased in 
thickness. Enormous blocks of red sandstone had recently been 
dislodged from the Elephant Bed, and were lying at the foot of the 
cliffs, whilst others of smaller size were seen to be embedded in the 
old sea-beach itself. 
Further falls of the Rubble-cliff, and of its chalk foundation, had 
taken place when I paid a visit in September, 1897. Ten feet of 
chalk formed the lower portion of the cliff, and above this came the 
raised beach, as much as 8 feet thick in places, consisting of rounded 
stones, with very little sandy matrix. The layer of sand at the base 
of the beach, which in 1892 was from 3 to 4 feet thick, was now 
represented by a mere trace, and since that date the sand has not 
again appeared, as the cliff has worn back. ‘The large rounded stones 
of the ancient beach rested, in fact, almost on the chalk. The Rubble- 
drift formation above was seen to be distinctly stratified, and as the 
top of the cliff was reached the flints contained in the loam became 
more jagged and less rounded. On the existing beach there were 
strewn boulders of sandstone of all sizes. One large subangular, 
ruddy-brown sandstone boulder, which had an exposed surface of at 
least 2 feet long, was seen in situ half-way up the cliff, and at the 
foot was a mass measuring 5 feet in its largest dimensions, others of 
smaller size being plentiful. Their place of origin may have been 
beyond the escarpment of the South Downs. 
In April, 1899, the raised beach by further falls of cliff had reached 
a thickness of 10 feet, resting on 10 feet of chalk. The largest 
boulders of flint were, strangely enough, on the base of the raised 
beach, there was no sand, and the change downwards was an abrupt 
one into chalk in situ. There was no layer of green-coated flints at 
the junction. Passing towards the eastern boundary of the formation, 
the beach, instead of being continuous from top to bottom, was seen 
to be here split up into a top and bottom layer, each of about a foot 
thick: the space between them was filled with ‘reconstructed’ 
chalk, containing many boulders of chalk, these increasing in size 
easterly towards the limit of the formation, until the whole came to 
present an appearance as of chalk, almost as originally laid down. 
