292 E. A. Martin—Brighton Cliff Formation. 
The lower part of the Rubble-drift, which rests upon the topmost 
gravel, was seen to become more chalky in an easterly direction, and 
was made up of small semi-rounded fragments of chalk, together with 
large boulders of the same. 
Owing to the manner in which the falls had taken place, the cliff 
had been cut back more in some parts than in others, with the result 
that the lines of stratification, which were everywhere most distinct, 
dipped at a high angle towards the sea on the south. Some of these 
lines may have been due to current-bedding: in which case it would 
seem to follow that much of the upper portions of the whole formation 
is missing, having been planed away with the upper part of the chalk 
at its rear. Great masses of red sandstone, grey sandstone, and here 
and there a mass of Tertiary iron-red breccia, strewed the foot of the 
cliffs. In the raised beach I extracted two rounded boulders of 
granite, and a few rounded lamine of green sandstone. 
In May, 1899, I noted the following observations. One large mass 
of red flint breccia, full of angular flints, with the interstices filled 
with iron sandstone, lay upon the beach at the foot of the cliff, having 
apparently fallen out of the Rubble-drift. It measured 7 feet long by 
4 feet broad, and was 3 feet thick. The flints were not at all worn. 
There also lay upon the beach a mass of grey sandstone, measuring 
4 <x 1 X 1 feet, and another of red sandstone, 4 x 2 X 1 feet. Other 
masses of red sandstone, which in addition to the large one mentioned 
lay upon the beach, were all fairly rectangular in shape, but the angles 
were not at all sharp. The blocks appear to have been derived chiefly 
from the Rubble-drift, Elephant Bed, or Coombe Rock, as it has been 
variously called, whence came also a large slab of chalk rubble, full 
of rounded chalk lumps and occasional flints, which measured 2 feet 
long by 1 foot wide, but only averaging 3 inches in thickness. 
On the raised flint beach (below the Rubble-drift) round boulders 
of chalk of large size occasionally occurred: in one place, in a very 
small area, there were thirty and more to be seen. In this there 
were also occasional masses, fairly rounded, of red sandstone, generally 
occurring near the base of the old beach. Similar blocks in the 
Rubble-drift are much more angular. Beneath the disused black- 
tarred coastguard houses, there remained now but a few feet of 
Rubble-drift. 
A little east of the Abergavenny Inn, the stratification of the 
Rubble-drift is rather remarkable. A mass of reconstructed chalk 
appears to have found its way to the bed of the estuary, soon after 
the raised beach ceased to be formed, and impeded the horizontal 
deposit of the drift above it. 
Seen again in June, 1903, the formation showed considerable changes 
in consequence of falls, and in the raised beach more particularly. 
Being the most loosely accumulated portion of the whole formation, 
the falls had occurred so as to leave cave-like gaps, with a platform of 
chalk 14 feet thick below, and a roof of comparatively loose gravel 
and clayey sand. The raised beach itself was 8 ft. 3 in. in thickness, 
and this was fairly constant throughout the whole distance of 200 yards 
in which the beach was visible. 
. In those parts where the base of the beach was clearly visible, 
