E. A. Martin—Brighton Chiff Formation. 293 
there was a foot of larger flint stones than those contained in the main 
mass, and large blocks of red sandstone were visible, both at the top 
and at the base of the beach. About 100 yards east of the most 
westerly visible portion of the beach it began to enclose large sub- 
angular blocks of chalk, and became of a more and more chalky 
nature in an easterly direction. 
It was not always easy to say definitely where the series of deposits 
ended in an easterly direction, and where the chalk commenced to 
again appear in situ. At somewhat over 200 yards to the east of 
where the formation is first seen, in travelling from the direction of 
Brighton, the gravel suddenly drops to about 6 inches in thickness, 
whilst upon it is chalk which has apparently been moved and 
redeposited. We appear here to be at the bank of the estuary down 
which the material was being transported, and the disturbed chalk 
has been deposited in the shallow water near the banks. In the same 
way the gravel has here been deposited very sparingly, most of it 
having been rolled into the central parts of the stream. 
So far as the Rubble-drift is concerned the section as it now 
appeared was most clearly and distinctly stratified. Especially was 
this noticeable in that portion nearest to Brighton, where it is made 
up for the most part of alternate thin bands of pale reddish clay and 
thicker bands of chalky rubble. The pieces of chalk in the rubble 
are rounded in the form of pebbles, varying in size from a pea to 
a small plum. 
About midway along the section where, in the raised beach under- 
neath, the large blocks of chalk begin to appear, there is in the 
Rubble-drift, about two-thirds the way up the cliff, a remarkable 
band, 2 feet thick, of dark reddish clay, in which are contained large 
numbers of rounded chalk pebbles, the band standing out distinctly in 
the cliff by reason of the clay being of a darker red colour than the 
surrounding clay. 
Large blocks of red sandstone were visible in the Rubble-drift. On 
the present beach I counted in a space of 50 yards square no less than 
forty fallen blocks, each containing on an average 8 cubic feet 
capacity. There were many others lying at a greater distance, but 
among them all I saw only three which were conglomeratic. All the 
others were hard red sandstone. 
Standing on the rocks at low tide I could not help being struck by 
the appearance presented at the top of the chalk cliffs where the 
degradation of the chalk was going on. The line of demarcation 
between the chalk and the subsoil was arranged in the shape of 
festoons, each festoon being 2 to 3 feet across, and extending from 
3 to 5 feet from the surface. Sometimes in the flinty clay resulting 
from the degradation a festoon had been left of white chalk untouched, 
whilst beneath it decomposition had proceeded. I had on a previous 
occasion noticed this festoon degradation in the chalk in cuttings in 
the neighbourhood of Birchington. It is still to be observed. A few 
fragments of shells (I/ya) were found at the top of the raised beach. 
A visit to the cliff in December, 1906, showed that there had been 
a tremendous fall since my last visit at a site not far to the east of the 
Abergavenny Inn. This had exposed a great rounded chalk block 
