294 F. R. Cowper Reed—Fossils from Dufton Shales. 
about 2 feet long, interstratified with the raised beach, whose thickness 
varied from 15 to 20 feet. The section nearest to the concrete wall on 
the west was as follows: chalk rising out of existing beach 10 to 
17 feet, containing thick bands of flint. Above this a thickness of 
about 6 feet of raised beach, with some small sandstone boulders 
exposed therein. As the cliff recedes by denudation it will be seen 
that the raised beach varies in thickness, so that apparently it was 
laid down upon a floor that was not at one level. 
On my visit in June, 1907, great masses of the cliffs appeared to be 
slipping away in all directions, ready to fall at subsequent recurrences 
of wet or frosty weather. 
In visiting the section again in September, 1908, I found that the 
chalk base had been cut into considerably by the sea, so that three or 
four little bays had been formed. That nearest to the concreted 
embankment was about 100 yards across. Here the section was as 
follows: the lowest 12 feet of chalk had been faced by concrete, above 
which 5 feet of chalk was exposed. Next above came 12 feet of 
pebbles, the largest stones being at the base, and the topmost being 
much mixed with sand. Then came 10 feet of stratified rubble, the 
remainder -to the top of the cliff being, as a rule, but obscurely 
stratified. Beyond the baylet in which this section occurred the 
formation was well exposed for about 100 yards beyond the abandoned 
inn at the top of the cliff, and close to the site of the great fall of two 
years before. Nearly all of the material which then fell had, however, 
disappeared ; there was a little of it remaining, reaching to about 
17 feet up the cliff. There was still exhibited about 250 yards of the 
formation as a whole, reckoning east and west along the face of 
the cliff. 
It will not fail to be observed that in spite of the large amount of 
rubble which is constantly falling but little accumulates as a talus at 
the foot of the cliffs. The floor will be seen to consist almost entirely 
of chalk. It will occur to students of coast-erosion that this material 
will have to be prevented from being carried away if the cliffs are to 
be preserved. Even the lowest tide shows no trace of the material, 
and there must therefore be undercurrents which carry away the 
debris into deep water. Only the sandstone and chalk boulders 
remain for any considerable length of time. 
II].—Sepewick Museum Norss. 
New Fossits From tHE Durron SHALES. 
By F. R. Cowrzr Resp, M.A., F.G.S. 
(PLATES XXIII AND XXIV.) 
(Concluded from the May Number, p. 220.) 
Part III. 
BRYOZOA. 
CRISINELLA Wimanl, sp. nov. Pl. XXIII, Figs. 1-3. 
Zoarium composed of a group of branches of equal size diverging in 
a fari-shaped manner in nearly the same plane from a single short 
