306 T. Sheppard—A Buried Valley, Flamborough. 
V.—A Borrep Vartiey at Norra Sea Lanpine, Framporover. 
By T. Suepparp, F.G.S. 
URING the last few weeks East Yorkshire seems to have been 
severely dealt with by wind and hail and flood, and in common 
with the rest of the area the cliffs have suffered. Geologists, however, 
are able to profit where others lose, and as a result of disasters can 
obtain useful information in reference to the structure of a district. 
Perhaps one of the most interesting exposures that has recently been 
made occurs at the south extremity of North Sea Landing, Flam- 
borough, where a large amount of cliff has recently shd down on the 
beach. 
There have been two landslides at this particular point; the upper 
one, which occurs at the top of the cliff at a height of about 125 feet 
above the sea, has carried away the footpath along the cliff edge, and 
in other ways has made things disagreeable. Beyond exposing a clean 
face of purple Boulder-clay, however, it has revealed nothing of 
particular geological interest. 
The second landslide occurs almost immediately below, in the part 
of the cliff which rises to a height. of about 35 feet direct from the 
beach. There is still a tongue of soft Boulder-clay, which forms 
a talus, and covers up part of the section, as shown in the diagram. 
This second landslide has exposed a glacial valley which apparently 
at one time had an outlet to the sea at this pomt. As one faces the 
land, the section occurs immediately to the right of the concrete slope 
up which the fishing cobbles are drawn. 
Section of lower part of cliff at south extremity of North Sea Landing, Flamborough. 
1, Basement Boulder-clay, 15 feet; 2, angular chalk ‘grut’, 6 feet; 3, chalk 
rubble, 6 feet; 4, chalk with flints, 20 feet; 5, talus; 6, beach. 
The upper part consists of about 15 feet of dark lead-coloured 
Boulder-clay, very different in appearance from that on the higher 
slopes. This bed evidently represents the ‘basement’ clay; it 
certainly is precisely similar to the deposit which occurs immediately 
above the chalk ‘wash’ at Sewerby. This Boulder-clay entirely 
covers the solid chalk at North Sea Landing, as well as the deposits 
resting in the pre-Glacial hollow. The Chalk itself, which is to the 
right of the section, is about 20 feet in exposed thickness, and contains 
