Dr. A. Wilmore—Uralite and other Amphiboles. 307 
thin beds of flint, and the echinoderm Molaster planus. Where the 
Chalk has been cut into by the valley the upper portion is considerably 
disintegrated and discoloured. This rubble is about 6 feet in thickness 
in the lower part, and thins out towards the right; and where the 
Boulder-clay rests directly upon the Chalk it is missing altogether, 
having probably been planed off by the moving ice. 
To the left of the section there is a wedge-shaped mass of fine, 
clean, angular chalk ‘ grut’, which is about 6 feet thick at the left of 
the section and gradually tapers off towards the right. This ‘ grut’ 
is evidently of very early date, as it contains a fairly large proportion 
of small well-rounded quartzite pebbles, such as occurred at the top of 
the Wolds in pre-Glacial times.’ The chalk ‘grut’ at North Sea 
Landing is precisely similar to the deposit at Sewerby described by 
Mr. G. W. Lamplugh*; in fact, in general appearance it is precisely 
similar to that on the buried cliff, though unfortunately there is no 
beach material exposed at North Sea Landing, nor is this to be 
expected. The section just exposed at North Sea Landing therefore 
seems to indicate the position of a pre-Glacial outlet on Flamborough 
Headland, which has not previously been described. This had been 
partly filled in by chalk ‘ wash’ in early Glacial times; the whole 
valley had subsequently been blocked by drift during the Great Ice 
Age, and had since remained hidden until exposed by the recent 
landslip. : 
V1.—Tuxr DEVELOPMENT OF URALITE AND OTHER SECONDARY AMPHIBOLES : 
A BRIEF History oF RESEARCH IN THAT SUBJECT. 
By AuBert WitmorE, D.Sc. (Lond.), F.G.S. 
N the year 1831 the famous mineralogist and chemist, Gustav Rose, 
I described a mineral which he had observed in his travels in the 
Urals the previous year.* He pointed out that he had found in the 
ereenstones of the Urals crystals with the cleavages and the prism 
angle of hornblende, but with the external form of augite. The 
porphyritic crystals of these greenstones are sometimes hornblende, 
sometimes augite. 
In a greenstone near Bogoslowsk, 437 versts north of Ekaterinberg, 
there are large dark crystals of hornblende with perfect cleavage. 
They have also the crystal form of hornblende, showing typical 
symmetrical six-sided sections with two angles of 1243° when the 
section is transverse to the ortho-axis, and angles of 1563° when the 
section is parallel to that axis. There is often a core of augite, and 
in the larger crystals this core is surrounded by a comparatively 
narrow zone of dark hornblende. In the smaller crystals the augite 
core is very small and sometimes it is quite wanting. To these 
erystals of hornblende, so clearly derived from augite by some 
alteration, he gave the name of Uralite. 
1 See Zhe Naturalist for 1904, pp. 54-6. 
2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., August, 1891, pp. 384-431. 
3 Pog. Ann., 1831, Bd. xxii. 
