368 Reviews—Water Supply, Hampshire and Oxfordshire. 
REVIBWS.- 
So MU Neate 
I.—GerotocicaL Survey Memorrs on Warer Svurppty. 
1. Toe Warer Suppry or HampsHire (i1NcLUDING THE IsLE OF 
Wicur), with Recorps oF Sinxines anp Bortnes. By Wititam 
Wuiraker, B.A., F.R.S., with contributions by H. R. Murn, 
LL.D., W. Marrnzws, M.Inst.C.E., and J. C. Turusa, M.D. 
8vo; pp. v, 252, with twomaps. Price ds. 
N our volume for 1909 (p. 180) we drew attention to Mr. Whitaker’s 
Water Supply of Kent, and now he has prepared an elaborate 
account of the springs and streams, the wells and borings of 
Hampshire. In both works are embodied the result of labours 
extending over many years, and including experience gained by field 
work during the geological survey of the respective counties. 
The deepest boring in Hampshire, made during the years 1838-51 
at Southampton, was carried to a depth of 1317 feet through Tertiary 
strata without reaching the base of the Chalk. This is not surprising, 
as the estimated thickness of that formation in the Isle of Wight is 
more than 1700 feet. The oldest formation known in the county 
is the Wealden, above which there occur a continuous series from 
the Lower Greensand to the Chalk, and the most complete series of 
Eocene and Oligocene strata known in any county, the Thanet Beds 
only being absent. The chief water-bearing strata are, in order of 
importance, the Chalk, Lower Greensand, Upper Greensand, and 
Bagshot Series. 
An interesting and instructive map of the valleys of the Terl and 
Itchen is contributed by Mr. Matthews, the object being to indicate 
the position of eighty-six wells, and the contour-lines in the surface 
of the underground water in the Chalk. The data on the map show 
(with two exceptions) the water-level in February, 1899. It is noted 
that the surface-contours of the land, although not coinciding with the 
water-contours, have in general a distinct relation to them; never- 
theless, the water-contours ‘‘ will obviously be moving with the 
seasonal and other variations in the water-levels, and those represented 
on the map can only be taken as showing average and approximate 
levels’’. Thus gaugings made between 1884 and 1899 prove that 
seasonal ‘‘ variations range from about 5 feet in wells in the low 
ground, to as much as 68 feet in the case of wells sunk at the higher 
elevations”’. 
Mr. Whitaker remarks that Hampshire is noted for the largest 
spring supply in the kingdom, that of the Portsmouth Water Company, 
which is derived from chalk water; the springs at Havant and 
Bedhampton yielding from 11 to 21 million gallons a day. 
Many intermittent streams or bournes, swallow-holes, and other 
phenomena are described ; and some particulars relating to the rivers 
are given. 
The records of strata passed through in wells and borings, and 
analyses of water (many of which have been contributed by Dr. Thresh) 
