Reviews— Geology in the Field. 371 
divisions of the Permian, and to the west of Nottingham the Trias 
overlaps the Permian, and hes directly upon the Coal-measures”’. 
These conditions suggest that some movements were in progress 
during Triassic times leading to local erosion of the Permian. Some 
account is given of the superficial deposits and the bone-caves of 
Cresswell Crags. 
‘<The Lower Carboniferous Rocks of Derbyshire” are the subject 
of an essay by Mr. Arnold Bemrose, who briefly refers to previous 
excursions to the district. ‘he Carboniferous Limestone and its 
zones of fossils, first investigated in detail by Mr. C. B. Wedd, the 
toadstones, the dolomitized limestone, the caverns, and the lead-mines, 
all receive attention. The so-called Yoredale Rocks are described 
under the heading of ‘ Limestone Shales” (‘“ Upper Limestone 
Shales’’ would have been better); the Millstone Grit is described, 
and there is a brief account of the ‘‘ Sands and Fire Clays in the 
Mountain Limestone”, which are stated to be pre-Glacial. Glacial 
Drift, cavern deposits with Phocene and Pleistocene mammala, Tufa, 
and warm springs are also described. 
‘Staffordshire ” is treated by Dr. Wheelton Hind, who first deals 
with the intrusive rocks of Rowley Regis and other places, and with 
the Silurian. The Carboniferous Limestone Series is next described, 
and then the Pendleside Series, which after all is a portion of the 
Limestone Series. Special attention is given to the life-zones in these 
groups, as well as in the Millstone Grit Series and Coal-measures. 
The Triassic, Pleistocene, and Recent deposits are briefly described. 
‘Kast Yorkshire ”’ is the subject of an article by Mr. Herries, who 
has to deal with a long list of formations between the Lower Lias and 
Upper Chalk. With the aid of many illustrative sections and his 
personal knowledge of the strata and their fossils, an excellent 
summary is given of the main features of this attractive area, and 
particularly of the coast-sections between Redcar and Bridlington. 
“The Lake District and Neighbourhood—Lower Paleozoic Times ”’ 
and ‘‘ The Lake District and Neighbourhood—Upper Paleozoic and 
Neozoic Times”’ are the titles of two essays contributed by Dr. J. E. 
Marr. He deals with many formations from the Skiddaw Slates, 
which represent Arenig and possibly Tremadoc and earlier beds, and 
the Borrowdale Series grouped as Llandeilo, to the Lower Lias of the 
area west of Carlisle, and the Glacial and more recent deposits. The 
various igneous rocks are also described. It is not certain that 
Rheetic beds are absent, but their presence has not been proved 
owing to the covering of Glacial drifts. The leading fossils and zonal 
divisions in the Carboniferous and older Paleozoic rocks are duly 
pointed out. The author observes that a ‘“‘ great hiatus occurs above 
the Carboniferous rocks, for the highest Coal-measures, the whole of 
the Permo-Carboniferous rocks, and the lowest Permian strata as 
developed elsewhere, are absent”’. Here a good deal depends on what 
may be included in ‘‘ Permo-Carboniferous’”. The complex physical 
changes, the main faults and flexures that were produced after Lower 
Paleeozoic times, and again after Carboniferous times, and theirinfluence 
on the present physical features, are concisely described. 
(Part IV will be reviewed next month.) 
