426 Reviews—Sub- Antarctic Islands. 
interpreted by Mrs. Gordon upon the basis of the overthrust structures 
typical of the whole area. The outstanding deformational feature of 
all the thrust-slices is the rapid variation in the thickness of the 
various horizons of strata. Other features are the brecciated or 
nodular structure of the rock-material in the crush-zones, passing into 
gneissose and schistose structure, and the close cleavage penetrating 
the rocks in intersecting directions. The outward dip of the strata 
noticeable in the chief mountain-massiyes is a dip participated in 
by the subjacent thrust-masses and associated with steep flexures 
towards leading faults of the later period of downthrowing and 
horizontal displacements. Mrs. Gordon interprets the leading strike 
in the district as a curve round the north, west, and south, and the 
transversal directions as N.N.W.-S.8.E., N.-S., and N.N.E.-8.8.W.., 
the system being essentially an interference system produced in virtue 
of the coalescence of plicational effects during the interaction of north- 
south and east-west pressures. 
REVIEWS. 
——— 
I.—Tue Svus-Antarcric Istanps or New Zearanp. 
REpPoRTs ON THE GEOPHYsSIcs, GEOLOGY, ZooLtocy, AND Borany or THE ISLANDS 
LYING TO THE souTH or New Zeatanp. Edited by Professor CHARLES 
Cuitton, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S. Published by the Philosophical Institute of 
Canterbury. 2 vols. 4to; pp. xxxv, 848. Wellington, N.Z. London: 
Dulau & Co., 1909. 
fJ\HE observations recorded in these two volumes are the results of 
an expedition made in November, 1907, with the co-operation of 
the New Zealand Government, to the more important islands that lie 
to the south of New Zealand. 
The geology of Campbell Island and the Snares is described by 
Professor P. Marshall and Mr. R. Browne, and that of the Auckland, 
Bounty, and Antipodes Islands by Mr. Robert Speight and Mr, A. M. 
Finlayson. 
In Campbell Island the oldest rock formation is a mass of gabbro, 
Somewhat larger areas are occupied by oceanic limestone, with fora- 
minifera, occasional grains of glauconite, some flints, but no detritus : 
it is regarded as probably of Miocene age. The main mass of the 
island is formed of volcanic breccias and lavas (trachyte, phonolite, 
and basalt), the terraced features being due to the outcrop of nearly 
horizontal flows of lava, separated by less resistant scoria beds. 
Abundant evidence of glaciation was observed, but the formation of 
glaciers on the island is regarded as the result of a general cause of 
refrigeration and not as specially due to elevation. The absence 
of raised beaches and rock-shelves indicates that there has been no 
recent elevation, but it seems probable that a movement of depression 
is In progress. 
The Auckland Islands exhibit evidence of ‘‘a moderately severe 
glaciation’, and there are indications that it was probably more 
intense at an earlier date. Considerable elevation of the land must 
have occurred during those times, but the upheaval is not regarded as 
