428 Reviews—Greology in the Field. 
In Scotland the mapping of Ben Nevis has led to the conclusion 
that the volcanic rocks which form the higher part of the mountain 
are of Lower Old Red Sandstone age, and that they rest on Highland 
schists which are almost entirely concealed by bordering granites. 
The structure of this region forms the subject of a separate article by 
Mr. H. B. Maufe. 
A short but important article is contributed by Mr. C. T. Clough on 
the stratigraphical relations between the Red Barren Measures and the 
Productive Coal-measures of Scotland. He states that there is no 
evidence of any break of importance between these divisions, and that 
consequently wherever the Upper Red Carboniferous strata occur, the 
Productive Measures may be expected beneath them. Mr. C. B. 
Crampton describes a Manganese deposit near Freswick, Caithness ; 
Dr. W. Gibson gives an account of three borings in the Ingleton 
Coal-field ; and Mr. John Pringle gives further particulars of a boring 
at Stowell, Somerset, that was carried through the Fullers Earth into 
the Sands beneath the Inferior Oolite. It is a remarkable fact that 
25,000 gallons of water a day were obtained from the Fullers Earth 
Rock, and that the lower strata yielded no supply. Lists of fossils 
are given from the Inferior Oolite Series. 
In the accounts of the progress of the field-work in the different 
districts of England, Wales, and Scotland there are records of many 
interesting observations on most of the geological formations from the 
Ordovician to the Lias, on Tertiary including the Bovey Beds, on 
Pleistocene and Recent deposits, as well as on the Highland schists, 
on certain supposed pre-Cambrian rocks (the Johnston Series) in 
Pembrokeshire, and on various igneous rocks. Analyses are given of 
clays from the Bovey Basin and from the Marland Clay Works, 
Torrington. 
III.—Grotocy in THE Fretp. The Jubilee Volume of the Geologists’ 
Association (1858-1908). Edited by H. W. Moncxton and R. 8. 
Herrizs. Part IV. pp. 661-898, with 14 plates. London: 
Edward Stanford, 1910. Price ds. net. 
\ ITH the exception of a general and copious index which ‘ will 
be ready shortly’, the elaborate Jubilee Volume is now 
complete. 
The present number opens with an article on ‘‘ Northumberland 
and Durham”, by Professor E. J. Garwood. After remarking on the 
scenery and tectonic features, the author gives a brief account of the 
Silurian, which is not known to include strata higher than the Wenlock 
Series. The unconformable Lower Old Red Sandstone with its andesitie 
lavas is next described, together with the intrusive rocks (granite and 
porphyrite) which indicate later phases of igneous activity. Upper 
Old Red Sandstone is doubtfully recognized in certain conglomerates 
at Windy Gyle, as the strata have been regarded by some geologists 
as basement Carboniferous. The various divisions of the Carboniferous 
and the paleontological horizons are duly described; and the author 
draws attention to the occurrence, apparently near the base of the 
a 
