at the Foot of the Cheviot Hills. 453 
Valuable information as to the condition of the Cheviots during the 
Glacial Period is to be obtained from Mr. C. T. Clough’s memoir! 
“On the Geology of the Cheviot Hills”’, and from the paper by 
Professor P. F. Kendall, F.G.S., and Mr. H. B. Maufe, B.A., F.G.S.,? 
“On the Evidence of Glacier-dammed Lakes in the Cheviot Hills.” 
The Glacial deposits of the adjacent.country between Wooler and 
Coldstream are described in the memoir by Mr. W. Gunn, F.G.S., and 
Mr Cyl. Clough, M.A., F.G.8.° 
PuystcaL Srrucrure oF tHE Disrricr.—The range of the Cheviots 
culminates in the north-east in the granite hills of Cheviot, Hedge- 
hope, etc. ‘This granite area is surrounded by tuffs and porphyrites 
contemporaneous with the Old Red Sandstone. Between Wooler and 
the Breamish the porphyrites present a steep but curved slope facing 
E.N.E. and east, and enclose between South Middleton and Roddam 
red marls, sands, and thick beds of conglomerate.* The range is 
intersected by several valleys, the present pigmy streams in many 
cases being grotesquely out of proportion to the amount of denudation, 
and presenting a striking contrast to the more powerful subaerial 
agents of denudation originally employed in their excavation. 
Resting unconformably upon these rocks are those of the Carboni- 
ferous Senias) consisting chiefly of sandstones, grits, and impure 
limestones. They extend outward from the Cheviot area, with 
a generally gentle slope towards the east. The Fell Sandstones of 
this series form ridges and crags at considerable elevation on the 
eastern side of the ill, their rugged and steep escarpments boldly 
contrasting with the rounded form of the porphyrites rising above the 
valley on the opposite side. All the streams included in the area are 
tributary to the Till, itself tributary to the Tweed, and which in 
its upper course is known as the Breamish, taking its rise in Cheviot, 
flowing first south-east, then east, and near Hedgeley sweeping round 
in a northerly direction. 
GLACIATION oF THE CuHEvIots:—While the higher summits appear 
never to have been overridden by foreign ice, but to have acted as 
independent centres of glaciation, two foreign streams advanced upon 
the Cheviots, one from the south-west and the other from the north, 
but whether they were contemporaneous or successive is not readily 
determined. Both the eastern and southern margins have evidently 
been overridden by foreign ice up to a height of 1000 feet, as 
indicated by strize and the presence of transported boulders. 
Mr. Clough has described the foreign rocks occurring in the drift 
near Skirlnaked and pointed out a track of foreign boulders crossing 
the porphyrite hills from the north to this locality. On the other 
hand, however, the striz and boulders occurring on the south-east 
margin of the Cheviots indicate transport from the south-west. 
On Carboniferous rocks west of Black Hill, Ford Moss, Messrs. Gunn 
and Clough found striz indicating a direction from east to west. 
1 Memoirs of the Geological Surveyof England and Wales. 
* Transactions of Edinburgh Geological Society, vol. viii, 1902. 
3 Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. 
+ [Basement Beds of the Carboniferous. —Ep. | 
